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Text File  |  1993-07-24  |  561KB  |  10,764 lines
  1. %%Title: "Laser Prep -- The Apple PostScript Dictionary (md)"
  2. %%Creator: Apple Software Engineering
  3. %%CreationDate: Thursday, March 19, 1987
  4. %{appledict version #68 0
  5. % ⌐ CopyRight Apple Computer, Inc. 1984,1985,1986,1987,1988 All Rights Reserved.
  6. %%EndComments
  7. %%BeginProcSet: "(AppleDict md)" 68 0
  8. statusdict begin waittimeout 300 lt{0 60 300 setdefaulttimeouts}if end
  9. currentfile statusdict begin serverdict begin product (LaserWriter II NT) eq revision 1 eq and {/setrealdevice {//setrealdevice exec 31 sendpcmd 4 eq tonerlight} bind def
  10. /execjob {31 sendpcmd 4 eq tonerlight //execjob exec} bind def end end eexec}{end end 722{currentfile read pop pop}repeat}ifelse 
  11. 35de8eabfc7fa5eac0431edc501ad43f5fcbdf9fdd321cce93b525f4439dd94696bf56ac13a0a2aad1e6bcf444711e941d7217138d20ae0500145f815439cc14e697ad201df728ea4ccad4ac331aa03a7aacde10760bf4ee12bbf73c77cdcbf1796f26f0dd255d2407e1ac41
  12. d27489a69d6b69c6a841468b46720b75ad65650700e0c528e7af61e7e3e821b59445c44b69831ebc9deaf0e3aecc14b7a1c2e18bc1fa42a59219f1e36f236e3d6c89114b1f231999c3dbce6b43f3e2918fcb85575941a9d1e65c86aa08e6eea86cc66ce90e5e4add57f2585e
  13. 7b1c0b5203cfc46868d6e3c0d66db79174e7091e32e307679732da062e440e41dabd36a161b611a7e4523a49694026206803dbfd5be5c5fe433f0f18a40057db6f1302848c8da4a10a7f14c63d512806362b1be092ad5dbd36d75fe63e4cae2ba9b72390f580cac344a08bdf
  14. 6eb9e36ec45bad2a0b82829a72e0efa2d87332c482196e690361168271c55053341ab3
  15. /sc {60 45 {abs exch abs 2 copy add 1 gt{1.0 sub dup mul exch 1.0 sub dup mul add 1.0 sub}{dup mul exch dup mul add 1.0 exch sub}
  16. ifelse}setscreen} bind def statusdict begin product(LaserWriter II)anchorsearch end
  17. {pop pop/letter [/letter load /exec load /sc load /exec load]cvx def/legal [/legal load /exec load /sc load /exec load]cvx def/a4 [/a4 load /exec load /sc load /exec load]cvx def/b5 [/b5 load /exec load /sc load /exec load]cvx def
  18. /lettersmall [/lettersmall load /exec load /sc load /exec load]cvx def/a4small [/a4small load /exec load /sc load /exec load]cvx def/note [/note load /exec load /sc load /exec load]cvx def}{pop}ifelse
  19. systemdict/currentpacking known{currentpacking true setpacking}if
  20. /LW{save statusdict/product get(LaserWriter)anchorsearch
  21. exch pop{length 0 eq{1}{2}ifelse}{0}ifelse exch restore}bind def
  22. /LW+{LW 2 eq}bind def
  23. /ok{systemdict/statusdict known dup{LW 0 gt and}if}bind def
  24. ok{statusdict begin 9 sccinteractive 3 ne exch 0 ne or{9 0 3 setsccinteractive}if end}if
  25. /md 250 dict def md begin
  26. /av 0 def
  27. /T true def/F false def/mtx matrix def/s75 75 string def/s8 8 string def/s1 ( ) def/pxs 1 def/pys 1 def
  28. 1 0 mtx defaultmatrix dtransform exch atan/pa exch def/nlw .24 def/ppr [-32 -29.52 762 582.48] def
  29. /pgs 1 def/por true def/xb 500 array def/so true def/tso true def/fillflag false def/pnm 1 def/fmv true def
  30. /sfl false def/ma 0 def/invertflag false def/dbinvertflag false def/xflip false def/yflip false def/noflips true def/scaleby96 false def/fNote true def/fBitStretch true def
  31. /fg (Rvd\001\001\000\000\177) def
  32. /bdf{bind def}bind def
  33. /xdf{exch def}bdf
  34. /xl{neg exch neg translate}bdf
  35. /fp{pnsh 0 ne pnsv 0 ne and}bdf
  36. /nop{}bdf/lnop[/nop load]cvx bdf
  37. /vrb[
  38. {fp{fg 6 get 0 ne{gsave stroke grestore}{gsave 1 setlinewidth pnsh pnsv scale stroke grestore}ifelse}if newpath}bind
  39. /eofill load
  40. dup
  41. /newpath load
  42. 2 index
  43. dup
  44. {clip newpath}bind
  45. {}bind
  46. dup
  47. 2 copy
  48. ]def
  49. currentscreen/spf xdf/rot xdf/freq xdf
  50. /doop{vrb exch get exec}bdf
  51. /psu{/tso xdf /fNote xdf/fBitStretch xdf/scaleby96 xdf/yflip xdf/xflip xdf
  52. /invertflag xdf/dbinvertflag invertflag statusdict begin version cvr 47.0 ge product (LaserWriter) eq not and end invertflag and {not}if def
  53. xflip yflip or{/noflips false def}if
  54. /pgs xdf 2 index .72 mul exch div/pys xdf div .72 mul/pxs xdf ppr astore pop/por xdf sn and/so xdf}bdf
  55. /tab{statusdict /11x17 known{statusdict begin /11x17 load end}{statusdict /setpage known{statusdict begin 792 1224 1 setpage end}{statusdict /setpageparams known{statusdict begin 792 1224 0 1 setpageparams end}if}ifelse}ifelse}bdf
  56. /txpose{fNote{smalls}{bigs}ifelse pgs get exec pxs pys scale ppr aload pop por{noflips{pop exch neg exch translate pop 1 -1 scale}if
  57. xflip yflip and{pop exch neg exch translate 180 rotate 1 -1 scale ppr 3 get ppr 1 get neg sub neg ppr 2 get ppr 0 get neg sub neg translate}if 
  58. xflip yflip not and{pop exch neg exch translate pop 180 rotate ppr 3 get ppr 1 get neg sub neg 0 translate}if yflip xflip not and{ppr 1 get neg ppr 0 get neg translate}if}
  59. {noflips{translate pop pop 270 rotate 1 -1 scale}if xflip yflip and{translate pop pop 90 rotate 1 -1 scale ppr 3 get ppr 1 get neg sub neg ppr 2 get ppr 0 get neg sub neg translate}if
  60. xflip yflip not and{translate pop pop 90 rotate ppr 3 get ppr 1 get neg sub neg 0 translate}if yflip xflip not and{translate pop pop 270 rotate ppr 2 get ppr 0 get neg sub neg 0 exch translate}if}ifelse
  61. statusdict begin waittimeout 300 lt{/waittimeout 300 def}if end scaleby96{ppr aload pop 4 -1 roll add 2 div 3 1 roll add 2 div 2 copy translate .96 dup scale neg exch neg exch translate}if}bdf
  62. /fr{4 copy ppr aload pop 3 -1 roll add 3 1 roll exch add 6 2 roll 3 -1 roll
  63. sub 3 1 roll exch sub 3 -1 roll exch div 3 1 roll div exch scale pop pop xl}bdf
  64. /obl{{0.212557 mul}{pop 0}ifelse}bdf
  65. /sfd{ps fg 5 -1 roll get mul 100 div 0 ps 5 -1 roll obl ps neg 0 0 6a astore makefont setfont}bdf
  66. /fnt{findfont sfd}bdf
  67. /bt{sa 3 1 roll 3 index and put}bdf
  68. /sa(\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000)def
  69. /fs{0 1 bt 1 2 bt 2 4 bt 3 8 bt 4 16 bt 5 32 bt 6 64 bt 7 128 bt sa exch 8 exch put}bdf
  70. /mx1 matrix def
  71. /mx2 matrix def
  72. /mx3 matrix def
  73. /bu{currentpoint currentgray currentlinewidth currentlinecap currentlinejoin currentdash exch aload length
  74. fg 5 sfl{1}{0}ifelse put pnsv pnsh
  75. 2t aload pop 3a aload pop mx2 aload pop mx1 aload pop mtx currentmatrix aload pop
  76. mx3 aload pop ps pm restore/ps xdf mx3 astore pop}bdf
  77. /bn{/pm save def mx3 setmatrix newpath 0 0 moveto ct dup 39 get 0 exch getinterval cvx exec
  78. mtx astore setmatrix mx1 astore pop mx2 astore pop 3a astore pop
  79. 2t astore pop/pnsh xdf/pnsv xdf gw
  80. /sfl fg 5 get 0 ne def array astore exch setdash setlinejoin setlinecap
  81. setlinewidth setgray moveto}bdf
  82. /fc{save vmstatus exch sub 50000 lt
  83. {(%%[|0|]%%)=print flush}if pop restore}bdf
  84. /tc{32768 div add 3 1 roll 32768 div add 2t astore pop}bdf
  85. /3a [0 0 0] def
  86. /2t 2 array def
  87. /tp{3a astore pop}bdf
  88. /tt{mx2 currentmatrix pop currentpoint 2 copy 2t aload pop qa 2 copy translate 3a aload pop exch dup 0 eq
  89. {pop}{1 eq{-1 1}{1 -1}ifelse scale}ifelse rotate pop neg exch neg exch translate moveto}bdf
  90. /te{mx2 setmatrix}bdf
  91. /th{3 -1 roll div 3 1 roll exch div 2 copy mx1 scale pop scale/sfl true def}bdf
  92. /tu{1 1 mx1 itransform scale/sfl false def}bdf
  93. /ts{1 1 mx1 transform scale/sfl true def}bdf
  94. /fz{/ps xdf}bdf
  95. /dv{dup 0 ne{div}{pop}ifelse}bdf
  96. /pop4{pop pop pop pop}bdf
  97. /it{sfl{mx1 itransform}if}bdf
  98. /gm{exch it moveto}bdf/rm{it rmoveto}bdf
  99. /lm{currentpoint sfl{mx1 transform}if exch pop sub 0 exch it rmoveto}bdf
  100. /fm{statusdict/manualfeed known}bdf
  101. /se{statusdict exch/manualfeed exch put}bdf
  102. /mf{dup/ma exch def 0 gt{fm se/t1 5 st ok ma 1 gt and{/t2 0 st/t3 0 st
  103. statusdict/manualfeedtimeout 3600 put
  104. }if}if}bdf
  105. /jn{/statusdict where exch pop{statusdict exch /jobname exch put}if}bdf
  106. /pen{pnm mul/pnsh xdf pnm mul/pnsv xdf pnsh setlinewidth}bdf
  107. /min{2 copy gt{exch}if pop}bdf
  108. /max{2 copy lt{exch}if pop}bdf
  109. /dh{fg 6 1 put array astore dup {1 pxs div mul exch}forall astore exch pop exch pop exch setdash}bdf
  110. /ih[currentdash]def
  111. /rh{fg 6 0 put ih aload pop setdash}bdf
  112. /dl{gsave nlw pys div setlinewidth 0 setgray}bdf
  113. /dlin{exch currentpoint currentlinewidth 2 div dup
  114. translate newpath moveto lineto currentpoint stroke grestore moveto}bdf
  115. /lin{fg 6 get 0 ne{exch lineto currentpoint 0 doop moveto}
  116. {exch currentpoint/pnlv xdf/pnlh xdf gsave newpath/@1 xdf/@2 xdf fp{pnlh @2 lt{pnlv @1 ge
  117. {pnlh pnlv moveto @2 @1 lineto pnsh 0 rlineto
  118. 0 pnsv rlineto pnlh pnsh add pnlv pnsv add lineto pnsh neg 0 rlineto}
  119. {pnlh pnlv moveto pnsh 0 rlineto @2 pnsh add @1 lineto 0 pnsv rlineto
  120. pnsh neg 0 rlineto pnlh pnlv pnsv add lineto}ifelse}{pnlv @1 gt
  121. {@2 @1 moveto pnsh 0 rlineto pnlh pnsh add pnlv lineto 0 pnsv rlineto
  122. pnsh neg 0 rlineto @2 @1 pnsv add lineto}{pnlh pnlv moveto pnsh 0 rlineto
  123. 0 pnsv rlineto @2 pnsh add @1 pnsv add lineto pnsh neg 0 rlineto
  124. 0 pnsv neg rlineto}ifelse}ifelse
  125. closepath fill}if @2 @1 grestore moveto}ifelse}bdf
  126. /gw{/pnm fg 3 get fg 4 get div def}bdf
  127. /lw{fg exch 4 exch put fg exch 3 exch put gw pnsv pnsh pen}bdf
  128. /barc{/@1 xdf/@2 xdf/@3 xdf/@4 xdf/@5 xdf
  129. /@6 xdf/@7 xdf/@8 xdf gsave
  130. @5 @7 add 2 div @6 @8 add 2 div translate newpath 0 0 moveto
  131. @5 @7 sub @6 @8 sub mtx currentmatrix pop scale @1{newpath}if
  132. 0 0 0.5 @4 @3 arc @4 @3 sub abs 360 ge{closepath}if
  133. mtx setmatrix @2 doop grestore}bdf
  134. /ar{dup 0 eq barc}bdf
  135. /ov{0 exch 360 exch true barc}bdf
  136. /rc{/@t xdf currentpoint 6 2 roll newpath 4 copy 4 2 roll exch moveto
  137. 6 -1 roll lineto lineto lineto closepath @t doop moveto}bdf
  138. /mup{dup pnsh 2 div le exch pnsv 2 div le or}bdf
  139. /rr{/@1 xdf 2. div/@2 xdf 2. div/@3 xdf
  140. /@4 xdf/@5 xdf/@6 xdf/@7 xdf
  141. @7 @5 eq @6 @4 eq @2 mup or or{@7 @6 @5 @4 @1 rc}
  142. {@4 @6 sub 2. div dup @2 lt{/@2 xdf}{pop}ifelse
  143. @5 @7 sub 2. div dup @2 lt{/@2 xdf}{pop}ifelse
  144. @1 0 eq{/@2 @2 pnsh 2 div 2 copy gt{sub def}{0 pop4}ifelse}if
  145. currentpoint newpath
  146. @4 @6 add 2. div @7 moveto
  147. @4 @7 @4 @5 @2 arcto pop4
  148. @4 @5 @6 @5 @2 arcto pop4
  149. @6 @5 @6 @7 @2 arcto pop4
  150. @6 @7 @4 @7 @2 arcto pop4
  151. closepath @1 doop moveto}ifelse}bdf
  152. /pr{gsave newpath/pl{exch moveto/pl{exch lineto}def}def}bdf
  153. /pl{exch lineto}bdf
  154. /ep{dup 0 eq{{moveto}{exch lin}{}{(%%[|1|]%%)= flush}pathforall
  155. pop grestore}{doop grestore}ifelse currentpoint newpath moveto}bdf
  156. /gr{64. div setgray}bdf
  157. /pat{s8 copy pop 9.375 pa por not{90 add}if{1 add 4 mul cvi s8 exch get exch 1 add 4 mul cvi 7 sub bitshift 1 and}setscreen gr}bdf
  158. /sg{freq rot/spf load setscreen gr}bdf
  159. /dc{transform round .5 sub exch round .5 sub exch itransform}bdf
  160. /sn{userdict/smooth4 known}bdf
  161. /x8{3 bitshift}bdf
  162. /x4{2 bitshift}bdf
  163. /d4{-2 bitshift}bdf
  164. /d8{-3 bitshift}bdf
  165. /rb{15 add -4 bitshift 1 bitshift}bdf
  166. /db{/@7 save def/@1 xdf/@2 xdf/@3 xdf/@4 xdf/@5 xdf/@6 @5 @3 4 add mul def
  167. dc translate scale/xdbit 1 1 idtransform abs/ydbit exch def abs def{0 0 1 ydbit add 1 10 rc clip}if
  168. @1 0 eq @1 4 eq or{1 setgray ydbit 0 1 ydbit add 1 2 rc}if
  169. @1 3 eq @1 7 eq or{1}{0}ifelse setgray/@9 @1 0 eq @1 1 eq @1 3 eq or or dbinvertflag xor def/@13 @6 def
  170. @2 fBitStretch or{/@10 @4 x4 def/@11 @3 x4 def/@12 @10 rb def/@13 @12 @11 mul def/@15 1 1 dtransform abs/calcY 1 index def round cvi/@14 exch def
  171. abs/calcX 1 index def round cvi scaleby96 not{1 add}if def/@16 @15 rb def/@17 @16 @14 mul def}if
  172. sn @13 60000 lt and @2 fBitStretch or and{mtx currentmatrix dup 1 get exch 2 get 0. eq exch 0. eq and @17 60000 lt and fBitStretch and{@16 3 bitshift @14 @9 [calcX 0 0 calcY 0 0]{@17 string @13 string
  173. currentfile @6 string readhexstring pop 1 index @4 @3 @5 @12 @2 smooth4
  174. @10 @11 @12 dup string 5 index @15 @14 @16 dup string stretch}imagemask}{@12 x8 @11 @9 [@10 0 0 @11 0 0]{@13 string
  175. currentfile @6 string readhexstring pop 1 index @4 @3 @5 @12 @2 smooth4}imagemask}ifelse}{@5 3 bitshift @3 4 add @9 [@4 0 0 @3 0 2]{currentfile @6 string readhexstring pop}imagemask}ifelse
  176. @7 restore}bdf
  177. /multibit{/mbdeep exch def/mbY exch def/mbX exch def
  178. save mbX mbY mbdeep[mbX 0 0 mbY 0 0]{currentfile picstr readhexstring pop}image
  179. restore}bdf
  180. /wd 16 dict def
  181. /mfont 14 dict def
  182. /mdf{mfont wcheck not{/mfont 14 dict def}if mfont begin xdf end}bdf
  183. /cf{{1 index/FID ne{def}{pop pop}ifelse}forall}bdf/rf{/@1 exch def/@2 exch def
  184. FontDirectory @2 known{cleartomark pop}{findfont dup begin dup length @1 add dict begin
  185. cf{/Encoding macvec def}{Encoding dup length array copy/Encoding exch def
  186. counttomark 2 idiv{Encoding 3 1 roll put}repeat}ifelse
  187. pop
  188. exec currentdict end end @2 exch definefont pop}ifelse}bdf
  189. /bmbc{exch begin wd begin
  190. /cr xdf
  191. save
  192. CharTable cr 6 mul 6 getinterval{}forall
  193. /bitheight xdf/bitwidth xdf
  194. .96 div/width xdf
  195. Gkernmax add/XOffset xdf Gdescent add/YOffset xdf/rowbytes xdf
  196. rowbytes 255 eq{0 0 0 0 0 0 setcachedevice}
  197. {Gnormsize dup scale
  198. width 0 XOffset YOffset bitwidth XOffset add bitheight YOffset add
  199. setcachedevice
  200. rowbytes 0 ne{
  201. XOffset YOffset translate newpath 0 0 moveto
  202. bitwidth bitheight scale
  203. sn{
  204. /xSmt bitwidth x4 def
  205. /ySmt bitheight x4 def
  206. /rSmt xSmt rb def
  207. rSmt x8 ySmt true
  208. [xSmt 0 0 ySmt neg 0 ySmt]
  209. {rSmt ySmt mul string CharData cr get
  210. 1 index bitwidth bitheight rowbytes rSmt tso smooth4}
  211. }{rowbytes 3 bitshift bitheight 4 add true
  212. [bitwidth 0 0 bitheight neg 0 bitheight 2 add]
  213. {CharData cr get}
  214. }ifelse
  215. imagemask
  216. }if
  217. }ifelse
  218. restore
  219. end end
  220. }bdf
  221. /bb{.96 exch div/Gnormsize mdf 2 index
  222. /Gkernmax mdf 1 index/Gdescent mdf
  223. 3 index div 4 1 roll
  224. 2 index div 1. 5 2 roll
  225. exch div 4 1 roll
  226. 4 array astore/FontBBox mdf
  227. }bdf
  228. /cdf{mfont/CharData get 3 1 roll put}bdf
  229. /bf{
  230. mfont begin
  231. /FontType 3 def
  232. /FontMatrix [1 0 0 1 0 0] def
  233. /Encoding macvec def
  234. /BuildChar/bmbc load def
  235. end
  236. mfont definefont pop
  237. }bdf
  238. /wi LW 1 eq{{gsave 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 moveto lineto lineto lineto closepath clip stringwidth grestore}bind}{/stringwidth load}ifelse def
  239. /aps{0 get 124 eq}bdf
  240. /xc{s75 cvs dup}bdf
  241. /xp{put cvn}bdf
  242. /scs{xc 3 67 put dup 0 95 xp}bdf
  243. /sos{xc 3 79 xp}bdf
  244. /sbs{xc 1 66 xp}bdf
  245. /sis{xc 2 73 xp}bdf
  246. /sob{xc 2 79 xp}bdf
  247. /sss{xc 4 83 xp}bdf
  248. /dd{exch 1 index add 3 1 roll add exch}bdf
  249. /smc{moveto dup show}bdf
  250. /kwn{FontDirectory 1 index known{findfont exch pop}}bdf
  251. /gl{1 currentgray sub setgray}bdf
  252. /mm{/mfont 10 dict def mfont begin
  253. /FontMatrix [1 0 0 1 0 0] def
  254. /FontType 3 def
  255. /Encoding macvec def
  256. /df 4 index findfont def
  257. /FontBBox [0 0 1 1] def
  258. /xda xdf/mbc xdf
  259. /BuildChar{wd begin/cr xdf/fd xdf/cs s1 dup 0 cr put def fd/mbc get exec end}def
  260. exec end mfont definefont}bdf
  261. /ac{dup scs kwn{exch findfont dup length 1 add dict begin{1 index/FID ne 2 index/UniqueID ne and{def}{pop pop}ifelse}forall
  262. fmv{/Encoding macvec def}if/StrokeWidth nlw 1000 mul pys div ps div dup 12 lt{pop 12}if def
  263. /PaintType 2 def currentdict end definefont}ifelse}bdf
  264. /mb{dup sbs kwn{exch{pop}{bbc}{}mm}ifelse sfd}bdf
  265. /mo{dup sos kwn{exch{pop}{boc}{}mm}ifelse sfd}bdf
  266. /ms{dup sss kwn{exch{pop}{bsc}{}mm}ifelse sfd}bdf
  267. /ou{dup sos kwn{exch dup ac pop{scs findfont /df2 xdf}{aoc}{}mm}ifelse sfd}bdf
  268. /su{dup sss kwn{exch dup ac pop{scs findfont /df2 xdf}{asc}{}mm}ifelse sfd}bdf
  269. /ao{/fmv true def ou}bdf/as{/fmv true def su}bdf
  270. /vo{/fmv false def ou}bdf/vs{/fmv false def su}bdf
  271. /bbc{/da .03 def fd/df get setfont
  272. gsave cs wi 1 index 0 ne{exch da add exch}if grestore setcharwidth
  273. cs 0 0 smc da 0 smc da da smc 0 da moveto show}bdf
  274. /boc{/da 1 ps div def fd/df get setfont
  275. gsave cs wi 1 index 0 ne{exch da add exch}if grestore setcharwidth
  276. cs 0 0 smc da 0 smc da da smc 0 da smc gl da 2. div dup moveto show}bdf
  277. /bsc{/da 1 ps div def
  278. /ds .05 def/da2 da 2. div def fd/df get setfont
  279. gsave cs wi 1 index 0 ne{exch ds add da2 add exch}if grestore setcharwidth
  280. cs ds da2 add .01 add 0 smc 0 ds da2 sub translate 0 0 smc
  281. da 0 smc da da smc 0 da smc gl da 2. div dup moveto show}bdf
  282. /aoc{fd/df get setfont
  283. gsave cs wi grestore setcharwidth
  284. gl cs 0 0 smc fd/df2 get setfont gl 0 0 moveto show}bdf
  285. /asc{/da .05 def fd/df get setfont
  286. gsave cs wi 1 index 0 ne{exch da add exch}if grestore setcharwidth
  287. cs da .01 add 0 smc 0 da translate gl 0 0 smc gl fd/df2 get setfont 0 0 moveto show}bdf
  288. /st{1000 mul usertime add dup 2147483647 gt{2147483647 sub}if def}bdf
  289. /the{usertime sub dup 0 lt exch -2147483648 gt and}bdf
  290. /6a 6 array def
  291. /2a 2 array def
  292. /3q 3 array def
  293. /qs{3 -1 roll sub exch 3 -1 roll sub exch}bdf
  294. /qa{3 -1 roll add exch 3 -1 roll add exch}bdf
  295. /qm{3 -1 roll 1 index mul 3 1 roll mul}bdf
  296. /qn{6a exch get mul}bdf
  297. /qA .166667 def/qB .833333 def/qC .5 def
  298. /qx{6a astore pop
  299. qA 0 qn qB 2 qn add   qA 1 qn qB 3 qn add
  300. qB 2 qn qA 4 qn add   qB 3 qn qA 5 qn add
  301. qC 2 qn qC 4 qn add   qC 3 qn qC 5 qn add}bdf
  302. /qp{6 copy 12 -2 roll pop pop}bdf
  303. /qc{exch qp qx curveto}bdf
  304. /qi{{exch 4 copy 2a astore aload pop qa .5 qm newpath moveto}{exch 2 copy 6 -2 roll 2 qm qs 4 2 roll}ifelse}bdf
  305. /qq{{qc 2a aload pop qx curveto}{exch 4 copy qs qa qx curveto}ifelse}bdf
  306. /pt{currentpoint newpath moveto}bdf
  307. /qf{/fillflag true def}bdf
  308. /ec{1 and 0 ne{0 doop}if grestore currentpoint newpath moveto/fillflag false def}bdf
  309. /eu{currentpoint fp{0 ep}{grestore newpath}ifelse moveto/fillflag false def}bdf
  310. /bp{currentpoint newpath 2 copy moveto}bdf
  311. /ef{gsave fillflag{gsave eofill grestore}if}bdf
  312. /sm{0 exch{@1 eq{1 add}if}forall}bdf
  313. /lshow{4 1 roll exch/@1 exch def{1 index wi pop sub 1 index sm dv 0 @1 4 -1 roll widthshow}{1 index wi pop sub
  314. 1 index dup sm 10 mul exch length 1 sub add dv dup 10. mul 0 @1 4 -1 roll 0 6 -1 roll awidthshow}ifelse}bdf
  315. /setTxMode{sa 9 2 index put 3 eq{1}{0}ifelse setgray}bdf
  316. /SwToSym{{}mark false/Symbol/|______Symbol 0 rf 0 sa 6 get 0 ne{pop 1}{sa 7 get 0 eq{pop 2}if}ifelse
  317. sa 1 get 0 ne/|______Symbol
  318. sa 4 get 0 ne{vs}{sa 3 get 0 ne{vo}{fnt}ifelse}ifelse}bdf
  319. /mc{0 3 1 roll transform neg exch pop}bdf
  320. /ul{dup 0 ne sa 2 get 0 ne and{gsave 0 0
  321. /UnderlinePosition kif{mc}{ps -10 div}ifelse/UnderlineThickness kif{mc}{ps 15 div}ifelse
  322. abs setlinewidth neg rmoveto
  323. sa 4 get 0 ne{gsave currentlinewidth 2. div dup rmoveto currentpoint newpath moveto
  324. 2 copy rlineto stroke grestore}if
  325. sa 3 get sa 4 get or 0 ne{gsave gl 2 copy rlineto stroke grestore rlineto strokepath nlw pys div setlinewidth}{rlineto}ifelse
  326. stroke grestore}{pop}ifelse}bdf
  327. /sgt{2 copy known{get true}{pop pop false}ifelse}bdf
  328. /kif{currentfont dup/FontMatrix get exch/FontInfo sgt{true}{currentfont/df sgt
  329. {dup/FontInfo sgt{3 1 roll/FontMatrix get mtx concatmatrix exch true}{pop pop pop false}
  330. ifelse}{pop pop false}ifelse}ifelse{3 -1 roll sgt{exch true}{pop false}ifelse}{false}ifelse}bdf
  331. /blank/Times-Roman findfont/CharStrings get/space get def
  332. /macvec 256 array def
  333. /NUL/SOH/STX/ETX/EOT/ENQ/ACK/BEL/BS/HT/LF/VT/FF/CR/SO/SI
  334. /DLE/DC1/DC2/DC3/DC4/NAK/SYN/ETB/CAN/EM/SUB/ESC/FS/GS/RS/US
  335. macvec 0 32 getinterval astore pop
  336. macvec 32/Times-Roman findfont/Encoding get
  337. 32 96 getinterval putinterval macvec dup 39/quotesingle put 96/grave put
  338. /Adieresis/Aring/Ccedilla/Eacute/Ntilde/Odieresis/Udieresis/aacute
  339. /agrave/acircumflex/adieresis/atilde/aring/ccedilla/eacute/egrave
  340. /ecircumflex/edieresis/iacute/igrave/icircumflex/idieresis/ntilde/oacute
  341. /ograve/ocircumflex/odieresis/otilde/uacute/ugrave/ucircumflex/udieresis
  342. /dagger/degree/cent/sterling/section/bullet/paragraph/germandbls
  343. /registered/copyright/trademark/acute/dieresis/notequal/AE/Oslash
  344. /infinity/plusminus/lessequal/greaterequal/yen/mu/partialdiff/summation
  345. /product/pi/integral/ordfeminine/ordmasculine/Omega/ae/oslash
  346. /questiondown/exclamdown/logicalnot/radical/florin/approxequal/Delta/guillemotleft
  347. /guillemotright/ellipsis/blank/Agrave/Atilde/Otilde/OE/oe
  348. /endash/emdash/quotedblleft/quotedblright/quoteleft/quoteright/divide/lozenge
  349. /ydieresis/Ydieresis/fraction/currency/guilsinglleft/guilsinglright/fi/fl
  350. /daggerdbl/periodcentered/quotesinglbase/quotedblbase/perthousand/Acircumflex/Ecircumflex/Aacute
  351. /Edieresis/Egrave/Iacute/Icircumflex/Idieresis/Igrave/Oacute/Ocircumflex
  352. /apple/Ograve/Uacute/Ucircumflex/Ugrave/dotlessi/circumflex/tilde
  353. /macron/breve/dotaccent/ring/cedilla/hungarumlaut/ogonek/caron
  354. macvec 128 128 getinterval astore pop
  355. {}mark true/Courier/|______Courier 0 rf
  356. {/Metrics 21 dict begin/zero 600 def/one 600 def/two 600 def/three 600 def/four 600 def/five 600 def/six 600 def/seven 600 def/eight 600 def
  357. /nine 600 def/comma 600 def/period 600 def/dollar 600 def/numbersign 600 def/percent 600 def/plus 600 def/hyphen 600 def/E 600 def/parenleft 600 def/parenright 600 def/space 600 def
  358. currentdict end def currentdict/UniqueID known{/UniqueID 16#800000 def}if/FontBBox FontBBox 4 array astore def}mark true/Helvetica/|______Seattle 1 rf
  359. /oldsettransfer/settransfer load def
  360. /concatprocs{/proc2 exch cvlit def/proc1 exch cvlit def/newproc proc1 length proc2 length add array def
  361. newproc 0 proc1 putinterval newproc proc1 length proc2 putinterval newproc cvx}def
  362. /settransfer{currenttransfer concatprocs oldsettransfer}def
  363. /PaintBlack{{1 exch sub}settransfer gsave newpath clippath 1 setgray fill grestore}def
  364. /od{(Rvd\001\001\000\000\177) fg copy pop txpose
  365. 1 0 mtx defaultmatrix dtransform exch atan/pa exch def
  366. newpath clippath mark
  367. {transform{itransform moveto}}{transform{itransform lineto}}
  368. {6 -2 roll transform 6 -2 roll transform 6 -2 roll transform
  369. {itransform 6 2 roll itransform 6 2 roll itransform 6 2 roll curveto}}
  370. {{closepath}}pathforall newpath counttomark array astore/gc xdf pop ct 39 0 put
  371. 10 fz 0 fs 2 F/|______Courier fnt invertflag{PaintBlack}if}bdf
  372. /cd{}bdf
  373. /op{/sfl false def/pm save def}bdf
  374. /cp{not{userdict/#copies 0 put}if ma 0 gt{{t1 the{exit}if}loop}if{copypage}{showpage}ifelse pm restore}bdf
  375. /px{0 3 1 roll tp tt}bdf
  376. /psb{/us save def}bdf
  377. /pse{us restore}bdf
  378. /ct 40 string def
  379. /nc{currentpoint initclip newpath gc{dup type dup/arraytype eq exch/packedarraytype eq or{exec}if}
  380. forall clip newpath moveto}def
  381. /kp{ct 0 2 index length 2 index 39 2 index put getinterval copy cvx exec mx3 currentmatrix pop}bdf
  382. /av 68 def
  383. end
  384. LW 1 eq userdict/a4small known not and{/a4small
  385. [[300 72 div 0 0 -300 72 div -120 3381]
  386. 280 3255
  387. {statusdict/jobstate (printing) put 0 setblink
  388. margins
  389. exch 196 add exch 304 add 8 div round cvi frametoroket
  390. statusdict/jobstate (busy) put
  391. 1 setblink}
  392. /framedevice load
  393. 60 45{dup mul exch dup mul add 1.0 exch sub}/setscreen load
  394. {}/settransfer load/initgraphics load/erasepage load]cvx
  395. statusdict begin bind end readonly def}if
  396. md begin/bigs[lnop userdict/letter known{/letter load}{lnop}ifelse userdict/legal known{/legal load}{lnop}ifelse userdict/a4 known{/a4 load}{lnop}ifelse userdict/b5 known{/b5 load}{lnop}ifelse 
  397. lnop lnop lnop /tab load]def
  398. /smalls[lnop userdict/lettersmall known{/lettersmall load}{userdict/note known{/note load}{lnop}ifelse}ifelse
  399. userdict/legal known{/legal load}{lnop}ifelse userdict/a4small known{/a4small load}{lnop}ifelse 
  400. userdict/b5 known{/b5 load}{userdict/note known{/note load}{lnop}ifelse}ifelse lnop lnop lnop /tab load]def end
  401. systemdict/currentpacking known{setpacking}if
  402. currentfile ok userdict/stretch known not and{eexec}{flushfile}ifelse
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
  404. 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
  405. 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
  406. 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
  407. 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
  408. 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
  409. 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
  410. 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
  411. cleartomark
  412. currentfile ok userdict/smooth4 known not and{eexec}{flushfile}ifelse
  413. 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  772. 0.74400 0.(CanvasController..................................................)ashow
  773. 633 308 gm
  774. ( )show
  775. 633 508 gm
  776. (30)show
  777. 663 81 gm
  778. (Chapter 4. )show
  779. 663 144 gm
  780. -0.22891 0.(Implementation)ashow
  781. 663 220 gm
  782. 1.01406 0.(........................................................................)ashow
  783. 663 217 gm
  784. ( )show
  785. 663 508 gm
  786. (31)show
  787. 681 108 gm
  788. 1.42868 0. 32 0.14286 0.(4.1. )awidthshow
  789. 681 153 gm
  790. -0.13298 0.(Foible)ashow
  791. 681 184 gm
  792. 1.01248 0.(.................................................................................)ashow
  793. 681 183 gm
  794. ( )show
  795. 681 508 gm
  796. (31)show
  797. 699 135 gm
  798. 1.87515 0. 32 0.18751 0.(4.1.1. )awidthshow
  799. 699 189 gm
  800. -0.06617 0.(FoibleBoxes)ashow
  801. 699 252 gm
  802. 1.01585 0.(................................................................)ashow
  803. 699 249 gm
  804. ( )show
  805. 699 508 gm
  806. (33)show
  807. F T cp
  808. %%Page: ? 4
  809. op
  810. 32 30 xl
  811. 1 1 pen
  812. 735 301 gm
  813. (nc 32 30 762 582 6 rc)kp
  814. 1 setTxMode
  815. 0 fs
  816. 12 fz
  817. bu fc
  818. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  819. bn
  820. -0.33398 0.(iv)ashow
  821. 99 135 gm
  822. 1.87515 0. 32 0.18751 0.(4.1.2. )awidthshow
  823. 99 189 gm
  824. -0.05731 0.(FoibleLinks, FoibleLines)ashow
  825. 99 312 gm
  826. 1.02081 0.(.................................................)ashow
  827. 99 309 gm
  828. ( )show
  829. 99 508 gm
  830. (37)show
  831. 117 108 gm
  832. 1.42868 0. 32 0.14286 0.(4.2. )awidthshow
  833. 117 153 gm
  834. 0.82766 0.(FoibleManager.......................................................................)ashow
  835. 117 224 gm
  836. ( )show
  837. 117 508 gm
  838. (40)show
  839. 135 108 gm
  840. 1.42868 0. 32 0.14286 0.(4.3. )awidthshow
  841. 135 153 gm
  842. -0.09902 0.(Palette, ToolBenchView, CanvasView)ashow
  843. 135 336 gm
  844. 1.02378 0.(...........................................)ashow
  845. 135 335 gm
  846. ( )show
  847. 135 508 gm
  848. (43)show
  849. 153 108 gm
  850. 1.42868 0. 32 0.14286 0.(4.4. )awidthshow
  851. 153 153 gm
  852. -0.22132 0.(Tool)ashow
  853. 153 176 gm
  854. 1.01217 0.(...................................................................................)ashow
  855. 153 175 gm
  856. ( )show
  857. 153 508 gm
  858. (45)show
  859. 171 135 gm
  860. 1.87515 0. 32 0.18751 0.(4.4.1. )awidthshow
  861. 171 189 gm
  862. 0.84904 0.(LineSessions................................................................)ashow
  863. 171 252 gm
  864. ( )show
  865. 171 508 gm
  866. (46)show
  867. 201 81 gm
  868. (Chapter 5. )show
  869. 201 144 gm
  870. 6.85089 0. 32 0.68508 0.(FOIBLE Accessories..................................................................)awidthshow
  871. 201 244 gm
  872. ( )show
  873. 201 508 gm
  874. (50)show
  875. 219 108 gm
  876. 1.42868 0. 32 0.14286 0.(5.1. )awidthshow
  877. 219 153 gm
  878. -0.19577 0.(IconManager)ashow
  879. 219 216 gm
  880. 1.01387 0.(.........................................................................)ashow
  881. 219 215 gm
  882. ( )show
  883. 219 508 gm
  884. (50)show
  885. 237 108 gm
  886. 1.42868 0. 32 0.14286 0.(5.2. )awidthshow
  887. 237 153 gm
  888. -0.08924 0.(Binary Store)ashow
  889. 237 216 gm
  890. 1.01387 0.(.........................................................................)ashow
  891. 237 213 gm
  892. ( )show
  893. 237 508 gm
  894. (53)show
  895. 267 81 gm
  896. (Chapter 6. )show
  897. 267 144 gm
  898. -0.05957 0.(Using FOIBLE)ashow
  899. 267 220 gm
  900. 1.01406 0.(........................................................................)ashow
  901. 267 217 gm
  902. ( )show
  903. 267 508 gm
  904. (54)show
  905. 285 108 gm
  906. 1.42868 0. 32 0.14286 0.(6.1. )awidthshow
  907. 285 153 gm
  908. -0.13206 0.(An Outline of Using FOIBLE)ashow
  909. 285 296 gm
  910. 1.01921 0.(.....................................................)ashow
  911. 285 293 gm
  912. ( )show
  913. 285 508 gm
  914. (54)show
  915. 303 108 gm
  916. 1.42868 0. 32 0.14286 0.(6.2. )awidthshow
  917. 303 153 gm
  918. 4.19143 0. 32 0.41914 0.(An Example of Using FOIBLE....................................................)awidthshow
  919. 303 300 gm
  920. ( )show
  921. 303 508 gm
  922. (55)show
  923. 333 81 gm
  924. (Chapter 7. )show
  925. 333 144 gm
  926. -0.03323 0.(Conclusions)ashow
  927. 333 204 gm
  928. 1.01332 0.(............................................................................)ashow
  929. 333 203 gm
  930. ( )show
  931. 333 508 gm
  932. (63)show
  933. 351 108 gm
  934. 1.42868 0. 32 0.14286 0.(7.1. )awidthshow
  935. 351 153 gm
  936. -0.21214 0.(Implementation Limitations)ashow
  937. 351 284 gm
  938. 1.01817 0.(........................................................)ashow
  939. 351 282 gm
  940. ( )show
  941. 351 508 gm
  942. (63)show
  943. 369 108 gm
  944. 1.42868 0. 32 0.14286 0.(7.2. )awidthshow
  945. 369 153 gm
  946. -0.12739 0.(Future Enhancements)ashow
  947. 369 256 gm
  948. 1.01611 0.(...............................................................)ashow
  949. 369 255 gm
  950. ( )show
  951. 369 508 gm
  952. (65)show
  953. 387 108 gm
  954. 1.42868 0. 32 0.14286 0.(7.3. )awidthshow
  955. 387 153 gm
  956. -0.08024 0.(The Framework)ashow
  957. 387 232 gm
  958. 1.01469 0.(.....................................................................)ashow
  959. 387 229 gm
  960. ( )show
  961. 387 508 gm
  962. (66)show
  963. 417 81 gm
  964. -0.14311 0.(References)ashow
  965. 417 136 gm
  966. 1.01084 0.(.............................................................................................)ashow
  967. 417 133 gm
  968. ( )show
  969. 417 508 gm
  970. (67)show
  971. F T cp
  972. %%Page: ? 5
  973. op
  974. 32 30 xl
  975. 1 1 pen
  976. 735 303 gm
  977. (nc 32 30 762 582 6 rc)kp
  978. 1 setTxMode
  979. 0 fs
  980. 12 fz
  981. bu fc
  982. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  983. bn
  984. (1)show
  985. 104 133 gm
  986. 1 fs
  987. 14 fz
  988. bu fc
  989. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  990. bn
  991. 3.28475 0. 32 0.32847 0.(Chapter 1.)awidthshow
  992. 104 241 gm
  993. 2.94418 0. 32 0.29441 0.(Introduction to Visual Programming)awidthshow
  994. 141 81 gm
  995. 0 fs
  996. 12 fz
  997. bu fc
  998. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  999. bn
  1000. 0.11856 0. 32 0.01185 0.(Interest in visual programming languages has grown significantly over the past several years.)awidthshow
  1001. 165 81 gm
  1002. 0.37048 0. 32 0.03704 0.(Visual programming is, simply stated, programming with pictures, and its growth in interest)awidthshow
  1003. 189 81 gm
  1004. 0.04013 0. 32 0.00401 0.(has occurred for several reasons.  The high-resolution graphics displays that are necessary for)awidthshow
  1005. 213 81 gm
  1006. -0.08293 0.(visual programming are now available to the general public at a reasonable price.  One strength)ashow
  1007. 237 81 gm
  1008. 1.59805 0. 32 0.15980 0.(of visual programming is the amount of information that can be displayed, and a high-)awidthshow
  1009. 261 81 gm
  1010. 0.65383 0. 32 0.06538 0.(resolution display allows for the display of very detailed pictures, and hence allows for the)awidthshow
  1011. 285 81 gm
  1012. 2.15499 0. 32 0.21549 0.(display of more information.  There has always been a need for a better interface to)awidthshow
  1013. 309 81 gm
  1014. 0.86730 0. 32 0.08673 0.(programming, and high resolution graphics can be used in visual programming systems to)awidthshow
  1015. 333 81 gm
  1016. -0.08850 0.(provide programmers with an improved interface [Raed85].)ashow
  1017. 369 81 gm
  1018. -0.03450 0.(Visual programming makes it much easier to find specific information.  One of the nice things)ashow
  1019. 393 81 gm
  1020. -0.09123 0.(about visual programming is that is it very easy to see the relationships between the objects in a)ashow
  1021. 417 81 gm
  1022. 0.79330 0. 32 0.07933 0.(system, while it may be difficult to locate all of the references to an object in a text-based)awidthshow
  1023. 441 81 gm
  1024. -0.03262 0.(program.  Also, text does not take advantage of the wide variety of visual characteristics that a)ashow
  1025. 465 81 gm
  1026. 0.53970 0. 32 0.05397 0.(picture can.  For these reasons, a programming language that has a graphical representation)awidthshow
  1027. 489 81 gm
  1028. -0.08889 0.(should have some advantages over a text-based programming language.)ashow
  1029. 525 81 gm
  1030. 1.05010 0. 32 0.10501 0.(The availability of inexpensive graphic displays to the general public has also lead to the)awidthshow
  1031. 549 81 gm
  1032. 0.40542 0. 32 0.04054 0.(availability of visual programming to a large audience.  In fact, some people feel that visual)awidthshow
  1033. 573 81 gm
  1034. 0.81573 0. 32 0.08157 0.(programming may be best suited for non-programmers.  A number of visual programming)awidthshow
  1035. 597 81 gm
  1036. -0.00210 0.(languages have, indeed, been developed as an introduction to programming [Kimu86].  Using)ashow
  1037. 621 81 gm
  1038. -0.06640 0.(pictures instead of words allows programming to be performed even by young children.)ashow
  1039. 657 81 gm
  1040. 0.75317 0. 32 0.07531 0.(The feeling of direct manipulation is another benefit of visual programming.  When a user)awidthshow
  1041. 681 81 gm
  1042. 0.55130 0. 32 0.05513 0.(performs some operation on an object on the screen, results can be seen immediately.  This)awidthshow
  1043. F T cp
  1044. %%Page: ? 6
  1045. op
  1046. 32 30 xl
  1047. 1 1 pen
  1048. 735 303 gm
  1049. (nc 32 30 762 582 6 rc)kp
  1050. 1 setTxMode
  1051. 0 fs
  1052. 12 fz
  1053. bu fc
  1054. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  1055. bn
  1056. (2)show
  1057. 93 81 gm
  1058. 0.26092 0. 32 0.02609 0.(makes it easier for the user to think of the object as a concrete object.  Textual programming)awidthshow
  1059. 117 81 gm
  1060. 0.39810 0. 32 0.03981 0.(languages require names for variables, and that presents another level of abstraction that the)awidthshow
  1061. 141 81 gm
  1062. -0.03134 0.(user must comprehend.)ashow
  1063. 177 81 gm
  1064. -0.11842 0.(Visual programming languages can reduce the time that it takes to learn a language, because the)ashow
  1065. 201 81 gm
  1066. 1.44836 0. 32 0.14483 0.(user can immediately see the relationship between all of the objects in a program.  The)awidthshow
  1067. 225 81 gm
  1068. 0.12298 0. 32 0.01229 0.(graphical representation can also help the user to understand a program by using pictures and)awidthshow
  1069. 249 81 gm
  1070. 0.40222 0. 32 0.04022 0.(symbols to convey meaning.  A very complicated process may be presented as a simple and)awidthshow
  1071. 273 81 gm
  1072. -0.09069 0.(easy to understand graphical representation.)ashow
  1073. 309 81 gm
  1074. 2.98614 0. 32 0.29861 0.(Most of the successful visual programming languages are based on a very narrow)awidthshow
  1075. 333 81 gm
  1076. 0.08987 0. 32 0.00898 0.(computational model [Borg90].  This implies that there will always be the need to create new)awidthshow
  1077. 357 81 gm
  1078. 0.67138 0. 32 0.06713 0.(visual programming systems.  While there are many different types of visual programming)awidthshow
  1079. 381 81 gm
  1080. -0.06623 0.(languages, most will share some basic ideas.  It would be desirable to have some way to record)ashow
  1081. 405 81 gm
  1082. -0.06484 0.(these ideas and allow developers to use them.  It would also be useful if each developer did not)ashow
  1083. 429 81 gm
  1084. 0.25863 0. 32 0.02586 0.(have to reimplement these basic ideas [Kapp89].  FOIBLE was created as a solution to these)awidthshow
  1085. 453 81 gm
  1086. 0.04318 0.(problems.)ashow
  1087. 489 81 gm
  1088. 0.16830 0. 32 0.01683 0.(This thesis describes enhancements to, and a redesign of, FOIBLE, which is a framework for)awidthshow
  1089. 513 81 gm
  1090. 1.48300 0. 32 0.14830 0.(visual programming languages [Eric87].  Most of the recent work on FOIBLE involved)awidthshow
  1091. 537 81 gm
  1092. 0.94284 0. 32 0.09428 0.(enhancing and abstracting the framework, making it as useful and flexible as possible.  A)awidthshow
  1093. 561 81 gm
  1094. 1.75430 0. 32 0.17543 0.(number of different visual programming languages have been, and are currently being,)awidthshow
  1095. 585 81 gm
  1096. 0.32943 0. 32 0.03294 0.(developed using FOIBLE, including [Borg90], [Scae88], and [Senn90].  The current version)awidthshow
  1097. 609 81 gm
  1098. 0.19989 0. 32 0.01998 0.(of FOIBLE has been designed to meet the needs of the current users and, we hope, will meet)awidthshow
  1099. 633 81 gm
  1100. -0.01086 0.(the needs of future users.)ashow
  1101. F T cp
  1102. %%Page: ? 7
  1103. op
  1104. 32 30 xl
  1105. 1 1 pen
  1106. 735 303 gm
  1107. (nc 32 30 762 582 6 rc)kp
  1108. 1 setTxMode
  1109. 0 fs
  1110. 12 fz
  1111. bu fc
  1112. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  1113. bn
  1114. (3)show
  1115. 104 224 gm
  1116. 1 fs
  1117. 14 fz
  1118. bu fc
  1119. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  1120. bn
  1121. 3.28475 0. 32 0.32847 0.(Chapter 2.)awidthshow
  1122. 104 332 gm
  1123. 0.22004 0.(FOIBLE)ashow
  1124. 141 81 gm
  1125. 0 fs
  1126. 12 fz
  1127. bu fc
  1128. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  1129. bn
  1130. 0.67199 0. 32 0.06719 0.(FOIBLE is an object-oriented framework for creating visual programming systems.  It was)awidthshow
  1131. 165 81 gm
  1132. 0.42221 0. 32 0.04222 0.(originally created by Stuart Ericson [Eric87], greatly improved by Beth Scaer [Scae88], and)awidthshow
  1133. 189 81 gm
  1134. 0.85861 0. 32 0.08586 0.(was later used in Jose Borges' PhD work [Borg90].  The FOIBLE framework allows for a)awidthshow
  1135. 213 81 gm
  1136. 0.16799 0. 32 0.01679 0.(more rapid design and implementation of visual programming languages.  FOIBLE, which is)awidthshow
  1137. 237 81 gm
  1138. 1.07543 0. 32 0.10754 0.(an acronym for Framework for Object-oriented Interactive Box and Line Environment, is)awidthshow
  1139. 261 81 gm
  1140. -0.09901 0.(implemented in the Smalltalk-80 programming language [Gold87].  The FOIBLE framework is)ashow
  1141. 285 81 gm
  1142. -0.09623 0.(a generic set of classes that define the skeleton of a visual programming language.  Much of the)ashow
  1143. 309 81 gm
  1144. 0.06881 0. 32 0.00688 0.(high level activity and interaction has been implemented, and a programmer need only define)awidthshow
  1145. 333 81 gm
  1146. 0.25238 0. 32 0.02523 0.(the application-specific behavior in order to create a new FOIBLE application.  FOIBLE has)awidthshow
  1147. 357 81 gm
  1148. -0.07347 0.(been designed as a reusable framework, and several benefits result from this reusability.)ashow
  1149. 417 81 gm
  1150. 1 fs
  1151. bu fc
  1152. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  1153. bn
  1154. 1.99996 0.(2.1.)ashow
  1155. 417 117 gm
  1156. 0.52191 0.(Frameworks)ashow
  1157. 453 81 gm
  1158. 0 fs
  1159. bu fc
  1160. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  1161. bn
  1162. -0.07952 0.(An obvious benefit of using a framework is code reuse, and a savings in time can be realized in)ashow
  1163. 477 81 gm
  1164. 0.70953 0. 32 0.07095 0.(coding and debugging.  A more important reuse that results from using a framework is the)awidthshow
  1165. 501 81 gm
  1166. -0.06553 0.(reuse of design [John88].  A framework provides a high level generic design that is intended to)ashow
  1167. 525 81 gm
  1168. 0.32119 0. 32 0.03211 0.(provide developers with a good starting point for an application that is flexible enough to be)awidthshow
  1169. 549 81 gm
  1170. -0.07333 0.(used in a range of applications.)ashow
  1171. 585 81 gm
  1172. 0.78399 0. 32 0.07839 0.(Another benefit of framework reusability is the transfer of knowledge.  As a framework is)awidthshow
  1173. 609 81 gm
  1174. 0.94207 0. 32 0.09420 0.(reused and redesigned, users pass information on to future users of the system.  Although)awidthshow
  1175. 633 81 gm
  1176. -0.01284 0.(much of the information will be correct, some of it may need refinement and/or improvement.)ashow
  1177. 657 81 gm
  1178. 0.88500 0. 32 0.08850 0.(As more people use a framework, problems with the design that were not envisioned may)awidthshow
  1179. 681 81 gm
  1180. -0.06092 0.(arise.  New classes may need to be implemented and old classes may be found unnecessary.  A)ashow
  1181. F T cp
  1182. %%Page: ? 8
  1183. op
  1184. 32 30 xl
  1185. 1 1 pen
  1186. 735 303 gm
  1187. (nc 32 30 762 582 6 rc)kp
  1188. 1 setTxMode
  1189. 0 fs
  1190. 12 fz
  1191. bu fc
  1192. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  1193. bn
  1194. (4)show
  1195. 93 81 gm
  1196. 0.81970 0. 32 0.08197 0.(framework may change frequently, especially the first few times that it is used, with users)awidthshow
  1197. 117 81 gm
  1198. -0.08631 0.(learning from the current design and using their knowledge to improve the future design.)ashow
  1199. 153 81 gm
  1200. 1.95785 0. 32 0.19578 0.(To allow for reusability, many of the classes in FOIBLE declare methods, but do not)awidthshow
  1201. 177 81 gm
  1202. -0.09861 0.(implement them.  These methods are left to be implemented by subclasses.  A class that defines)ashow
  1203. 201 81 gm
  1204. 0.84381 0. 32 0.08438 0.(but does not implement some methods is called an abstract class.  Abstract classes are the)awidthshow
  1205. 225 81 gm
  1206. 0.95458 0. 32 0.09545 0.(cornerstone of object-oriented frameworks.  A subclass that implements all of the defined)awidthshow
  1207. 249 81 gm
  1208. 0.37643 0. 32 0.03764 0.(methods is called a concrete class.  Only concrete classes can be instantiated, so most of the)awidthshow
  1209. 273 81 gm
  1210. -0.08152 0.(FOIBLE classes must be subclassed in order to create a visual programming system.)ashow
  1211. 309 81 gm
  1212. 1.11160 0. 32 0.11116 0.(A framework consists of a set of abstract classes, an interface between the classes, and a)awidthshow
  1213. 333 81 gm
  1214. -0.06425 0.(library of concrete classes.  The usefulness and reusability of a framework is largely dependent)ashow
  1215. 357 81 gm
  1216. 0.52337 0. 32 0.05233 0.(on its abstract classes.  One goal of designing a good framework is creating classes that are)awidthshow
  1217. 381 81 gm
  1218. 0.14404 0. 32 0.01440 0.(useful, flexible, and easy to use, and we attempted to reach this goal by carefully redesigning)awidthshow
  1219. 405 81 gm
  1220. -0.08851 0.(the abstract classes in the FOIBLE framework.)ashow
  1221. 465 81 gm
  1222. 1 fs
  1223. bu fc
  1224. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  1225. bn
  1226. 1.99996 0.(2.2.)ashow
  1227. 465 117 gm
  1228. 2.23068 0. 32 0.22306 0.(The FOIBLE User Interface)awidthshow
  1229. 501 81 gm
  1230. 0 fs
  1231. bu fc
  1232. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  1233. bn
  1234. -0.07109 0.(This section describes the basic user interface of applications built with FOIBLE.  It introduces)ashow
  1235. 525 81 gm
  1236. 2.08557 0. 32 0.20855 0.(the FOIBLE interface and the vocabulary that is used in the remainder of this paper.)awidthshow
  1237. 549 81 gm
  1238. 0.49468 0. 32 0.04946 0.(Developing an application with FOIBLE will require more knowledge about the design and)awidthshow
  1239. 573 81 gm
  1240. -0.11222 0.(implementation of FOIBLE, and that information is contained in the following chapters.)ashow
  1241. 609 81 gm
  1242. 0.37414 0. 32 0.03741 0.(An application built with FOIBLE will appear similar to that shown in Figure 2.1.  This is a)awidthshow
  1243. 633 81 gm
  1244. 1.76254 0. 32 0.17625 0.(picture of System Dynamics Environment \(SDE\), which was created by Stuart Ericson)awidthshow
  1245. 657 81 gm
  1246. 0.21972 0. 32 0.02197 0.([Eric87].  An application's window contains one or more canvases, and SDE has one canvas.)awidthshow
  1247. F T cp
  1248. %%Page: ? 9
  1249. op
  1250. 32 30 xl
  1251. 1 1 pen
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  1253. (nc 32 30 762 582 6 rc)kp
  1254. 1 setTxMode
  1255. 0 fs
  1256. 12 fz
  1257. bu fc
  1258. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  1259. bn
  1260. (5)show
  1261. 0 0 gm
  1262. (nc 72 81 494 561 6 rc)kp
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  1727. 551 182 gm
  1728. (nc 32 30 762 582 6 rc)kp
  1729. bu fc
  1730. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  1731. bn
  1732. -0.08358 0.(Figure 2.1  System Dynamics Environment [Eric87])ashow
  1733. 587 81 gm
  1734. -0.01545 0.(A canvas is the area in which the picture for a visual program is created.  The main operations)ashow
  1735. 611 81 gm
  1736. 0.52413 0. 32 0.05241 0.(that a user can perform are related to creating and modifying the visual objects in a canvas.)awidthshow
  1737. 635 81 gm
  1738. -0.07955 0.(There are two types of visual objects in a FOIBLE application, boxes and links.)ashow
  1739. 671 81 gm
  1740. -0.05258 0.(A visual program can be thought of as a directed graph, with boxes corresponding to the nodes)ashow
  1741. 695 81 gm
  1742. 0.07278 0. 32 0.00727 0.(of the graph and links corresponding to the arcs between the nodes.  Links connect boxes and)awidthshow
  1743. F T cp
  1744. %%Page: ? 10
  1745. op
  1746. 32 30 xl
  1747. 1 1 pen
  1748. 735 303 gm
  1749. (nc 32 30 762 582 6 rc)kp
  1750. 1 setTxMode
  1751. 0 fs
  1752. 12 fz
  1753. bu fc
  1754. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  1755. bn
  1756. (6)show
  1757. 93 81 gm
  1758. -0.01927 0.(often describe the flow of data or control between boxes.  There can be various types of boxes)ashow
  1759. 117 81 gm
  1760. 0.28503 0. 32 0.02850 0.(and links in an application.  SDE has five different types of boxes and two different types of)awidthshow
  1761. 141 81 gm
  1762. 1.00097 0. 32 0.10009 0.(links.  The boxes and links have different visual representations, which make them easily)awidthshow
  1763. 165 81 gm
  1764. 0.24108 0. 32 0.02410 0.(distinguishable.  Each type of box performs a different type of operation, based on the boxes)awidthshow
  1765. 189 81 gm
  1766. 0.00717 0. 32 0.00071 0.(that are connected to it, and each type of link is used to transfer different kinds of information)awidthshow
  1767. 213 81 gm
  1768. -0.03700 0.(between the boxes.)ashow
  1769. 249 81 gm
  1770. 0.64468 0. 32 0.06446 0.(Each application has tools that are used to perform operations in a canvas.  The tools in an)awidthshow
  1771. 273 81 gm
  1772. 0.36956 0. 32 0.03695 0.(application are used to perform operations such as adding new boxes to the system, creating)awidthshow
  1773. 297 81 gm
  1774. 0.25314 0. 32 0.02531 0.(links between boxes, moving objects within a canvas, and entering data.  Each tool performs)awidthshow
  1775. 321 81 gm
  1776. -0.01647 0.(operations that correspond to mouse and keyboard inputs that are given by the user.  Only one)ashow
  1777. 345 81 gm
  1778. -0.13568 0.(tool is active at any time.  The user activates a tool by selecting it in the palette.)ashow
  1779. 381 81 gm
  1780. -0.08296 0.(The palette presents a menu of icons that represent the tools that are available in an application.)ashow
  1781. 405 81 gm
  1782. 0.53268 0. 32 0.05326 0.(Palettes are used in a number of applications, including CAD and painting programs.  Each)awidthshow
  1783. 429 81 gm
  1784. 1.58584 0. 32 0.15858 0.(icon in the palette can be used to give a visual representation of the operations that its)awidthshow
  1785. 453 81 gm
  1786. 1.96105 0. 32 0.19610 0.(corresponding tool can perform.  The icon associated with the currently active tool is)awidthshow
  1787. 477 81 gm
  1788. 0.85174 0. 32 0.08517 0.(highlighted in the palette, allowing the user to always know which tool is active, and thus)awidthshow
  1789. 501 81 gm
  1790. 0.47042 0. 32 0.04704 0.(know the operations that are currently available.  The user selects a new tool by placing the)awidthshow
  1791. 525 81 gm
  1792. -0.08535 0.(cursor on the icon of the desired tool and clicking a button on the mouse.)ashow
  1793. 561 81 gm
  1794. 2.49908 0. 32 0.24990 0.(FOIBLE provides a simple and easy to understand interface, allowing developers to)awidthshow
  1795. 585 81 gm
  1796. -0.11390 0.(concentrate on the specific implementation of their application.  Developing an application with)ashow
  1797. 609 81 gm
  1798. 0.38391 0. 32 0.03839 0.(FOIBLE involves creating new types of boxes, links, and the tools to perform operations on)awidthshow
  1799. 633 81 gm
  1800. -0.01654 0.(the boxes and links.)ashow
  1801. F T cp
  1802. %%Page: ? 11
  1803. op
  1804. 32 30 xl
  1805. 1 1 pen
  1806. 735 303 gm
  1807. (nc 32 30 762 582 6 rc)kp
  1808. 1 setTxMode
  1809. 0 fs
  1810. 12 fz
  1811. bu fc
  1812. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  1813. bn
  1814. (7)show
  1815. 105 81 gm
  1816. 1 fs
  1817. bu fc
  1818. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  1819. bn
  1820. 1.99996 0.(2.3.)ashow
  1821. 105 117 gm
  1822. 2.84118 0. 32 0.28411 0.(Systems Built with FOIBLE)awidthshow
  1823. 141 81 gm
  1824. 0 fs
  1825. bu fc
  1826. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  1827. bn
  1828. 0.02227 0. 32 0.00222 0.(A number of useful visual programming systems have been developed with FOIBLE over the)awidthshow
  1829. 165 81 gm
  1830. 0.98510 0. 32 0.09851 0.(past four years.  We describe several of these systems to demonstrate the variety of these)awidthshow
  1831. 189 81 gm
  1832. -0.09072 0.(systems and the flexibility of FOIBLE.  The following sections give a brief description of some)ashow
  1833. 213 81 gm
  1834. 0.63919 0. 32 0.06391 0.(of the systems built on top of FOIBLE.  Many of these systems have papers describing the)awidthshow
  1835. 237 81 gm
  1836. -0.03024 0.(system in much more detail, and the reader is directed to these papers for more information on)ashow
  1837. 261 81 gm
  1838. -0.05650 0.(a specific system.)ashow
  1839. 321 81 gm
  1840. 1 fs
  1841. bu fc
  1842. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  1843. bn
  1844. 1.79997 0.(2.3.1.)ashow
  1845. 321 153 gm
  1846. 3.19686 0. 32 0.31968 0.(System Dynamics Environment)awidthshow
  1847. 357 81 gm
  1848. 0 fs
  1849. bu fc
  1850. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  1851. bn
  1852. 1.01867 0. 32 0.10186 0.(System Dynamics Environment \(SDE\) was designed by Stuart Ericson to test his original)awidthshow
  1853. 381 81 gm
  1854. -0.02099 0.(implementation of FOIBLE [Eric87].  SDE lets users simulate system dynamics and is similar)ashow
  1855. 405 81 gm
  1856. 0.12466 0. 32 0.01246 0.(to the commercial program Stella.  Figure 2.1 contains a picture of SDE.  Plumbing and fluid)awidthshow
  1857. 429 81 gm
  1858. 0.23315 0. 32 0.02331 0.(metaphors are used to represent the system dynamics.  The basic idea behind SDE is that the)awidthshow
  1859. 453 81 gm
  1860. 0.64239 0. 32 0.06423 0.(values that are stored in boxes are constantly changing according to equations that the user)awidthshow
  1861. 477 81 gm
  1862. -0.08854 0.(specifies.  These equations control the rate at which values change in the system.)ashow
  1863. 513 81 gm
  1864. 0.24765 0. 32 0.02476 0.(In the SDE metaphor, values are considered to be amounts of fluid.  There are various boxes)awidthshow
  1865. 537 81 gm
  1866. -0.01197 0.(that can store, regulate, input, or output the fluid that is in the system.  There is also a box that)ashow
  1867. 561 81 gm
  1868. -0.01242 0.(is used to store an equation that controls the flow of fluid.  This allows the user to quickly and)ashow
  1869. 585 81 gm
  1870. 0.21102 0. 32 0.02110 0.(interactively edit the equations and immediately see the results.  This is a nice user interface,)awidthshow
  1871. 609 81 gm
  1872. 0.90774 0. 32 0.09077 0.(because the user does not have to edit the program code in order to change the equations.)awidthshow
  1873. 633 81 gm
  1874. 2.01385 0. 32 0.20138 0.(There are two types of links in SDE.  One type of link is used by the boxes to pass)awidthshow
  1875. 657 81 gm
  1876. 0.39321 0. 32 0.03932 0.(information, and the other type of link is used for the fluid to flow through.  SDE also has a)awidthshow
  1877. 681 81 gm
  1878. -0.07876 0.(primitive debugger, which can be used to trace the values as they go through the system.)ashow
  1879. F T cp
  1880. %%Page: ? 12
  1881. op
  1882. 32 30 xl
  1883. 1 1 pen
  1884. 735 303 gm
  1885. (nc 32 30 762 582 6 rc)kp
  1886. 1 setTxMode
  1887. 0 fs
  1888. 12 fz
  1889. bu fc
  1890. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  1891. bn
  1892. (8)show
  1893. 129 81 gm
  1894. 1 fs
  1895. bu fc
  1896. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  1897. bn
  1898. 1.79997 0.(2.3.2.)ashow
  1899. 129 153 gm
  1900. 0.83525 0.(FlowKit)ashow
  1901. 165 81 gm
  1902. 0 fs
  1903. bu fc
  1904. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  1905. bn
  1906. 0.92636 0. 32 0.09263 0.(FlowKit was developed by Beth Scaer, and is a graphical dataflow language [Scae88].  A)awidthshow
  1907. 189 81 gm
  1908. 0.93887 0. 32 0.09388 0.(dataflow language uses tokens to pass values through the system.  When a box receives a)awidthshow
  1909. 213 81 gm
  1910. 0.24841 0. 32 0.02484 0.(token from each of its inputs, it calculates its value and sends a token to its outputs.  To start)awidthshow
  1911. 237 81 gm
  1912. 0.68756 0. 32 0.06875 0.(the execution of a dataflow program, tokens are sent to each of the boxes that contain user)awidthshow
  1913. 261 81 gm
  1914. 0.06636 0.(input.)ashow
  1915. 297 81 gm
  1916. 0.23544 0. 32 0.02354 0.(Of the existing dataflow languages, FlowKit is most similar to LabVIEW [Nati87].  FlowKit)awidthshow
  1917. 321 81 gm
  1918. 1.85012 0. 32 0.18501 0.(has a number of boxes that are used for input, output, arithmetic functions, or control)awidthshow
  1919. 345 81 gm
  1920. -0.05682 0.(structures.  There is one type of link, and it is used to connect boxes together, which allows the)ashow
  1921. 369 81 gm
  1922. -0.02465 0.(boxes to send tokens through the system.)ashow
  1923. 405 81 gm
  1924. 0.90515 0. 32 0.09051 0.(A FlowKit window is divided in half, into two canvases.  Figure 2.2 contains a picture of)awidthshow
  1925. 429 81 gm
  1926. -0.04435 0.(FlowKit.  One canvas, the front view, contains all the boxes that provide input and output.  All)ashow
  1927. 453 81 gm
  1928. -0.04400 0.(interaction is performed in the front view, when a program is executing.  The other canvas, the)ashow
  1929. 477 81 gm
  1930. 0.22079 0. 32 0.02207 0.(back view, contains the other boxes and links between the boxes.  It is the information in the)awidthshow
  1931. 501 81 gm
  1932. 0.75622 0. 32 0.07562 0.(back view that defines the control flow and data flow of a program.  A dataflow system is)awidthshow
  1933. 525 81 gm
  1934. 0.06988 0. 32 0.00698 0.(defined and created in the back view, and the input and output is performed in the front view.)awidthshow
  1935. 549 81 gm
  1936. 0.35812 0. 32 0.03581 0.(Having both views visible makes debugging easier and also allows users to immediately see)awidthshow
  1937. 573 81 gm
  1938. -0.08126 0.(the results of changes made to the back view.)ashow
  1939. 609 81 gm
  1940. -0.03573 0.(FlowKit contains input and output boxes for both numeric and boolean types, and a number of)ashow
  1941. 633 81 gm
  1942. -0.01513 0.(function boxes for each type of input.  There are also several loop control structures available,)ashow
  1943. 657 81 gm
  1944. -0.03117 0.(represented by while boxes and for boxes.)ashow
  1945. F T cp
  1946. %%Page: ? 13
  1947. op
  1948. 32 30 xl
  1949. 1 1 pen
  1950. 735 303 gm
  1951. (nc 32 30 762 582 6 rc)kp
  1952. 1 setTxMode
  1953. 0 fs
  1954. 12 fz
  1955. bu fc
  1956. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  1957. bn
  1958. (9)show
  1959. 0 0 gm
  1960. (nc 72 140 420 471 6 rc)kp
  1961. T 331 45 140 72 42 331 45 T 0 db
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  2351. 453 258 gm
  2352. (nc 32 30 762 582 6 rc)kp
  2353. bu fc
  2354. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  2355. bn
  2356. 0.14083 0. 32 0.01408 0.(Figure 2.2  FlowKit)awidthshow
  2357. 525 81 gm
  2358. 1 fs
  2359. bu fc
  2360. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  2361. bn
  2362. 1.79997 0.(2.3.3.)ashow
  2363. 525 153 gm
  2364. 2.50045 0. 32 0.25004 0.(The Visual Tool Set)awidthshow
  2365. 561 81 gm
  2366. 0 fs
  2367. bu fc
  2368. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  2369. bn
  2370. -0.10365 0.(The Visual Tool Set is a multiparadigm visual programming language consisting of a collection)ashow
  2371. 585 81 gm
  2372. 0.31311 0. 32 0.03131 0.(of tools created by Jose Borges [Borg90].  The system has separate tools to allow for a wide)awidthshow
  2373. 609 81 gm
  2374. -0.02935 0.(range of operations.  The tools in the system each have operations that they are best suited for,)ashow
  2375. 633 81 gm
  2376. 0.20675 0. 32 0.02067 0.(and having the availability of all of the tools allows the user take full advantage of each tool.)awidthshow
  2377. 657 81 gm
  2378. 0.62988 0. 32 0.06298 0.(There is a consistent user interface across all of the tools to allow ease of use.  The system)awidthshow
  2379. 681 81 gm
  2380. (consists of five tools.)show
  2381. F T cp
  2382. %%Page: ? 14
  2383. op
  2384. 32 30 xl
  2385. 1 1 pen
  2386. 735 300 gm
  2387. (nc 32 30 762 582 6 rc)kp
  2388. 1 setTxMode
  2389. 0 fs
  2390. 12 fz
  2391. bu fc
  2392. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  2393. bn
  2394. (10)show
  2395. 93 81 gm
  2396. 0.98083 0. 32 0.09808 0.(The Data Definition Tool is used to create data types and data objects.  It allows users to)awidthshow
  2397. 117 81 gm
  2398. 0.30517 0. 32 0.03051 0.(combine primitives, like numbers, strings, and dates, into more complex data structures, like)awidthshow
  2399. 141 81 gm
  2400. 1.82281 0. 32 0.18228 0.(arrays, matrices, and records.  Boxes are used to represent the primitives and the data)awidthshow
  2401. 165 81 gm
  2402. -0.05780 0.(structures, and the menu options allow the creation of new data types.  There are no links.  The)ashow
  2403. 189 81 gm
  2404. 0.35446 0. 32 0.03544 0.(data objects created with the Data Definition Tool are used in programs created by the other)awidthshow
  2405. 213 81 gm
  2406. -0.09564 0.(tools in the system.  A picture of the Data Definition Tool is contained in Figure 2.3.)ashow
  2407. 0 0 gm
  2408. (nc 264 198 528 413 6 rc)kp
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  2695. 561 219 gm
  2696. (nc 32 30 762 582 6 rc)kp
  2697. bu fc
  2698. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  2699. bn
  2700. -0.13179 0.(Figure 2.3  The Data Definition Tool)ashow
  2701. 597 81 gm
  2702. 1.13464 0. 32 0.11346 0.(The Function Definition Tool is used to create functions from primitive and user-defined)awidthshow
  2703. 621 81 gm
  2704. -0.09162 0.(functions.  The dataflow paradigm is used to execute programs in the Function Definition Tool.)ashow
  2705. 645 81 gm
  2706. 1.78115 0. 32 0.17811 0.(Boxes are used to represent data, primitive functions, and user-defined function.  New)awidthshow
  2707. 669 81 gm
  2708. 0.28472 0. 32 0.02847 0.(functions are created by connecting these boxes together.  There are two ways of connecting)awidthshow
  2709. 693 81 gm
  2710. 0.34851 0. 32 0.03485 0.(boxes, explicitly and implicitly.  A link is used to create an explicit connection between two)awidthshow
  2711. F T cp
  2712. %%Page: ? 15
  2713. op
  2714. 32 30 xl
  2715. 1 1 pen
  2716. 735 300 gm
  2717. (nc 32 30 762 582 6 rc)kp
  2718. 1 setTxMode
  2719. 0 fs
  2720. 12 fz
  2721. bu fc
  2722. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  2723. bn
  2724. (11)show
  2725. 93 81 gm
  2726. 0.25588 0. 32 0.02558 0.(boxes.  An implicit connection between boxes is formed when one box overlaps another box)awidthshow
  2727. 117 81 gm
  2728. -0.07205 0.(on the screen.  Figure 2.4 contains a picture of the Function Definition Tool.)ashow
  2729. 0 0 gm
  2730. (nc 168 154 391 458 6 rc)kp
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  2979. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
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  2981. -0.09301 0.(Figure 2.4  The Function Definition Tool)ashow
  2982. 460 81 gm
  2983. -0.08222 0.(The Data Base Management Tool is used to query and manipulate a data base.  A picture of the)ashow
  2984. 484 81 gm
  2985. -0.05763 0.(Function Definition Tool is contained in Figure 2.5.  This tool provides a graphical interface to)ashow
  2986. 508 81 gm
  2987. 0.30944 0. 32 0.03094 0.(a data base, and it is used to define, query, update, and control a relational data base.  Boxes)awidthshow
  2988. 532 81 gm
  2989. -0.06971 0.(represent the database records and the query functions.  There are no links used in this tool.)ashow
  2990. 568 81 gm
  2991. 1.79367 0. 32 0.17936 0.(The Control Flow Tool is used to create procedures with a flowcharting paradigm.  A)awidthshow
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  2993. -0.06462 0.(flowchart is created by connecting the flowchart boxes that are provided, including start boxes,)ashow
  2994. 616 81 gm
  2995. 1.51489 0. 32 0.15148 0.(action boxes, test boxes, and interaction object boxes.  The procedures created here are)awidthshow
  2996. 640 81 gm
  2997. -0.06588 0.(available to the entire system.  A sample flowchart is shown in figure 2.6.)ashow
  2998. F T cp
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  3009. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
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  3173. -0.13143 0.(Figure 2.5  The Data Base Management Tool)ashow
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  3451. 584 223 gm
  3452. (nc 32 30 762 582 6 rc)kp
  3453. bu fc
  3454. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  3455. bn
  3456. -0.03057 0.(Figure 2.6  The Control Flow Tool)ashow
  3457. 620 81 gm
  3458. 0.70663 0. 32 0.07066 0.(The Programming By Example Tool is used to create procedures from primitive functions,)awidthshow
  3459. 644 81 gm
  3460. 0.49087 0. 32 0.04908 0.(procedures, and data objects.  Like the Function Definition Tool, objects are represented by)awidthshow
  3461. 668 81 gm
  3462. -0.00123 0.(boxes and are connected by links to specify the data flow.  The difference here is that the user)ashow
  3463. 692 81 gm
  3464. -0.08734 0.(can specify any number of independent flow diagrams.  The user can also specify the order that)ashow
  3465. F T cp
  3466. %%Page: ? 17
  3467. op
  3468. 32 30 xl
  3469. 1 1 pen
  3470. 735 300 gm
  3471. (nc 32 30 762 582 6 rc)kp
  3472. 1 setTxMode
  3473. 0 fs
  3474. 12 fz
  3475. bu fc
  3476. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  3477. bn
  3478. (13)show
  3479. 93 81 gm
  3480. 1.17126 0. 32 0.11712 0.(the diagrams are executed, repeat the execution of a diagram, or apply the results of one)awidthshow
  3481. 117 81 gm
  3482. 1.41159 0. 32 0.14115 0.(diagram to another.  The Programming By Example Tool has access to all data objects,)awidthshow
  3483. 141 81 gm
  3484. 0.34957 0. 32 0.03495 0.(functions, and procedures in the system, and it is considered to be the main user interface of)awidthshow
  3485. 165 81 gm
  3486. -0.06356 0.(the system.  Figure 2.7 contains a picture of the Programming By Example Tool.)ashow
  3487. 0 0 gm
  3488. (nc 216 160 415 451 6 rc)kp
  3489. T 291 51 160 216 38 291 51 T 0 db
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  3710. 448 192 gm
  3711. (nc 32 30 762 582 6 rc)kp
  3712. bu fc
  3713. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  3714. bn
  3715. -0.07823 0.(Figure 2.7  The Programming By Example Tool)ashow
  3716. 484 81 gm
  3717. 0.23468 0. 32 0.02346 0.(The tools share all information in the system, so an object defined in a tool is available to all)awidthshow
  3718. 508 81 gm
  3719. -0.07243 0.(other tools.  The tools can be used independently or the tools can be used simultaneously.  This)ashow
  3720. 532 81 gm
  3721. -0.03683 0.(allows the user to learn the system tool by tool.  Several of the tool have debugging capability.)ashow
  3722. 556 81 gm
  3723. 0.24383 0. 32 0.02438 0.(To allow for flexibility, new tools can also be created and incorporated into the system.  The)awidthshow
  3724. 580 81 gm
  3725. 0.24261 0. 32 0.02426 0.(functions and procedures in these tools can be collapsed down to a single icon and expanded)awidthshow
  3726. 604 81 gm
  3727. 0.15792 0. 32 0.01579 0.(when necessary.)awidthshow
  3728. F T cp
  3729. %%Page: ? 18
  3730. op
  3731. 32 30 xl
  3732. 1 1 pen
  3733. 735 300 gm
  3734. (nc 32 30 762 582 6 rc)kp
  3735. 1 setTxMode
  3736. 0 fs
  3737. 12 fz
  3738. bu fc
  3739. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  3740. bn
  3741. (14)show
  3742. 105 81 gm
  3743. 1 fs
  3744. bu fc
  3745. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  3746. bn
  3747. 1.79997 0.(2.3.4.)ashow
  3748. 105 153 gm
  3749. 1.32746 0.(Sh++)ashow
  3750. 141 81 gm
  3751. 0 fs
  3752. bu fc
  3753. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  3754. bn
  3755. 0.11184 0. 32 0.01118 0.(Sh++ is a visual shell created by Mike Sennett that provides a direct manipulation interaction)awidthshow
  3756. 165 81 gm
  3757. 0.16754 0. 32 0.01675 0.(with the Unix operating system [Senn90].  Boxes represent the programs that are created and)awidthshow
  3758. 189 81 gm
  3759. -0.07379 0.(executed.  The parameters for a program are set using a dialog box.  Output from programs can)ashow
  3760. 213 81 gm
  3761. 0.46203 0. 32 0.04620 0.(be piped to other programs by using links to connect ports that represent standard input and)awidthshow
  3762. 237 81 gm
  3763. 0.01770 0. 32 0.00177 0.(standard output.  A pipeline can be built by linking a series of program boxes together.  Links)awidthshow
  3764. 261 81 gm
  3765. -0.07402 0.(are also used to redirect the input and output of a program to files and console windows.)ashow
  3766. 297 81 gm
  3767. 1.29531 0. 32 0.12953 0.(There are two tools available in Sh++.  Unlike other FOIBLE applications, the tools are)awidthshow
  3768. 321 81 gm
  3769. 1.41952 0. 32 0.14195 0.(selected by menus rather than a palette.  The Editor Tool is used to add objects to, and)awidthshow
  3770. 345 81 gm
  3771. 0.15640 0. 32 0.01564 0.(manipulate objects in, the canvas.  An object is selected by clicking on it.  The yellow button)awidthshow
  3772. 369 81 gm
  3773. 0.39001 0. 32 0.03900 0.(menus are context-sensitive, displaying commands that are applicable to the selected object.)awidthshow
  3774. 393 81 gm
  3775. 1.10382 0. 32 0.11038 0.(For example, when a program box is selected, options to set the program parameters and)awidthshow
  3776. 417 81 gm
  3777. 1.83868 0. 32 0.18386 0.(execute the program are available.  All objects in the system respond to the "explain")awidthshow
  3778. 441 81 gm
  3779. -0.04574 0.(command.)ashow
  3780. 477 81 gm
  3781. 1.03988 0. 32 0.10398 0.(The Layout Tool allows a user to open, save, or rename a Sh++ canvas.  It also provides)awidthshow
  3782. 501 81 gm
  3783. 0.78292 0. 32 0.07829 0.(access to two browsers: the Program Directory and the Environment Editor.  The Program)awidthshow
  3784. 525 81 gm
  3785. 1.57073 0. 32 0.15707 0.(Directory contains a list of the programs that are available in Sh++.  It allows users to)awidthshow
  3786. 549 81 gm
  3787. -0.07482 0.(customize the environment by chosing names for the programs and their parameters.  A picture)ashow
  3788. 573 81 gm
  3789. 0.11947 0. 32 0.01194 0.(of Sh++ and a Sh++ console window are shown in Figure 2.8.)awidthshow
  3790. 609 81 gm
  3791. 1.04019 0. 32 0.10401 0.(In its current form, Sh++ can perform many of the functions provided in traditional Unix)awidthshow
  3792. 633 81 gm
  3793. 1.38458 0. 32 0.13845 0.(shells.  With further enhancements, Sh++ could serve as the basis for a complete visual)awidthshow
  3794. 657 81 gm
  3795. -0.04583 0.(scripting language for Unix scripts.)ashow
  3796. F T cp
  3797. %%Page: ? 19
  3798. op
  3799. 32 30 xl
  3800. 1 1 pen
  3801. 735 300 gm
  3802. (nc 32 30 762 582 6 rc)kp
  3803. 1 setTxMode
  3804. 0 fs
  3805. 12 fz
  3806. bu fc
  3807. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  3808. bn
  3809. (15)show
  3810. 0 0 gm
  3811. (nc 72 86 433 525 6 rc)kp
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  4215. 466 196 gm
  4216. (nc 32 30 762 582 6 rc)kp
  4217. bu fc
  4218. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  4219. bn
  4220. 0.01647 0. 32 0.00164 0.(Figure 2.8  Sh++ canvas and console window)awidthshow
  4221. 526 81 gm
  4222. 1 fs
  4223. bu fc
  4224. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  4225. bn
  4226. 1.79997 0.(2.3.5.)ashow
  4227. 526 153 gm
  4228. 0.44660 0.(DataVis)ashow
  4229. 562 81 gm
  4230. 0 fs
  4231. bu fc
  4232. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  4233. bn
  4234. 0.29739 0. 32 0.02973 0.(DataVis, which is currently being developed by Dan Hils, is a visual programming language)awidthshow
  4235. 586 81 gm
  4236. 0.21194 0. 32 0.02119 0.(based on dataflow.  DataVis is being developed for the visualization of scientific data, and is)awidthshow
  4237. 610 81 gm
  4238. -0.02000 0.(based on Show and Tell [Kimu86].)ashow
  4239. 646 81 gm
  4240. 0.64208 0. 32 0.06420 0.(The motivation behind DataVis is to allow scientists to convert complex data into pictures,)awidthshow
  4241. 670 81 gm
  4242. -0.08346 0.(while requiring as little programming as possible.  The boxes in DataVis represent two types of)ashow
  4243. F T cp
  4244. %%Page: ? 20
  4245. op
  4246. 32 30 xl
  4247. 1 1 pen
  4248. 735 300 gm
  4249. (nc 32 30 762 582 6 rc)kp
  4250. 1 setTxMode
  4251. 0 fs
  4252. 12 fz
  4253. bu fc
  4254. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  4255. bn
  4256. (16)show
  4257. 93 81 gm
  4258. 1.12228 0. 32 0.11222 0.(information, data and functions.  Like FlowKit, links are used to connect boxes together,)awidthshow
  4259. 117 81 gm
  4260. -0.05027 0.(allowing the boxes to send tokens through the system.)ashow
  4261. 153 81 gm
  4262. 0.37185 0. 32 0.03718 0.(DataVis provides a library of visual programs that can be connected together in many ways.)awidthshow
  4263. 177 81 gm
  4264. 0.01998 0. 32 0.00199 0.(No programming is necessary if only these programs are used.  If a user desires a new type of)awidthshow
  4265. 201 81 gm
  4266. 0.01846 0. 32 0.00184 0.(graphic display that does not exist in the library, there are a set of low level functions that can)awidthshow
  4267. 225 81 gm
  4268. 0.28305 0. 32 0.02830 0.(be combined to create new programs.  This is still much easier than requiring the scientist to)awidthshow
  4269. 249 81 gm
  4270. -0.10276 0.(program in a traditional language like C or Fortran.)ashow
  4271. 285 81 gm
  4272. -0.00157 0.(One interesting aspect of DataVis is that functions and procedures can be collapsed down to a)ashow
  4273. 309 81 gm
  4274. -0.01606 0.(single icon.  This allows more programming to be done, since the screen area is a very limited)ashow
  4275. 333 81 gm
  4276. 1.16073 0. 32 0.11607 0.(resource.  Function and procedure boxes can also be expanded for viewing or debugging)awidthshow
  4277. 357 81 gm
  4278. 0.16831 0.(purposes.)ashow
  4279. 393 81 gm
  4280. -0.06819 0.(A wide variety of data types can be visualized in DataVis, including scalars and vectors in one,)ashow
  4281. 417 81 gm
  4282. 0.39154 0. 32 0.03915 0.(two, and three dimensions.  The data can be displayed in a wide variety of graphic displays.)awidthshow
  4283. 441 81 gm
  4284. -0.12171 0.(The type of displays that are available depend on the type of data that is being analyzed.)ashow
  4285. F T cp
  4286. %%Page: ? 21
  4287. op
  4288. 32 30 xl
  4289. 1 1 pen
  4290. 735 300 gm
  4291. (nc 32 30 762 582 6 rc)kp
  4292. 1 setTxMode
  4293. 0 fs
  4294. 12 fz
  4295. bu fc
  4296. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  4297. bn
  4298. (17)show
  4299. 104 229 gm
  4300. 1 fs
  4301. 14 fz
  4302. bu fc
  4303. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  4304. bn
  4305. 3.28475 0. 32 0.32847 0.(Chapter 3.)awidthshow
  4306. 104 337 gm
  4307. 0.91235 0.(Design)ashow
  4308. 141 81 gm
  4309. 12 fz
  4310. bu fc
  4311. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  4312. bn
  4313. 1.99996 0.(3.1.)ashow
  4314. 141 117 gm
  4315. 3.21243 0. 32 0.32124 0.(User Interface)awidthshow
  4316. 177 81 gm
  4317. 0 fs
  4318. bu fc
  4319. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  4320. bn
  4321. -0.00511 0.(The following sections describe, in more detail, the objects that are a part of the FOIBLE user)ashow
  4322. 201 81 gm
  4323. 1.78543 0. 32 0.17854 0.(interface.  Most of the design issues are discussed in this chapter, while the details of)awidthshow
  4324. 225 81 gm
  4325. -0.06646 0.(implementation are discussed in the next chapter.  Figure 3.1 shows a diagram of the important)ashow
  4326. 249 81 gm
  4327. -0.08840 0.(classes in the FOIBLE framework and how those classes communicate with each other.)ashow
  4328. 0 0 gm
  4329. (nc 300 159 513 453 6 rc)kp
  4330. 64 gr
  4331. 303 297 340 424 4 rc
  4332. 0 gr
  4333. 303.5 297.5 339.5 423.5 0 rc
  4334. 326 307 gm
  4335. 1 setTxMode
  4336. 18 fz
  4337. bu fc
  4338. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  4339. bn
  4340. (FoibleManager)show
  4341. 64 gr
  4342. 357 162 394 217 4 rc
  4343. 0 gr
  4344. 357.5 162.5 393.5 216.5 0 rc
  4345. 380 172 gm
  4346. 1 setTxMode
  4347. (Tool)show
  4348. 64 gr
  4349. 411 288 511 451 4 rc
  4350. 0 gr
  4351. 411.5 288.5 510.5 450.5 0 rc
  4352. 64 gr
  4353. 465 306 493 352 4 rc
  4354. 0 gr
  4355. 465.5 306.5 492.5 351.5 0 rc
  4356. 486 316 gm
  4357. 1 setTxMode
  4358. 1 fs
  4359. 14 fz
  4360. bu fc
  4361. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  4362. bn
  4363. 1.33113 0.(Box)ashow
  4364. 64 gr
  4365. 465 387 493 433 4 rc
  4366. 0 gr
  4367. 465.5 387.5 492.5 432.5 0 rc
  4368. 486 397 gm
  4369. 1 setTxMode
  4370. 0.40229 0.(Link)ashow
  4371. 443 343 gm
  4372. 0 fs
  4373. 18 fz
  4374. bu fc
  4375. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  4376. bn
  4377. (Foible)show
  4378. 0 gr
  4379. 464 378 484 398 156 204 1 ar
  4380. 474 351 gm
  4381. 474 379 lin
  4382. 473 342 493 362 336 384 1 ar
  4383. 483 387 gm
  4384. 483 359 lin
  4385. 401 351 421 371 246 294 1 ar
  4386. 339 360 gm
  4387. 403 360 lin
  4388. 311 288 331 308 127 175 1 ar
  4389. 366 216 gm
  4390. 325 290 lin
  4391. 455 279 475 299 204 252 1 ar
  4392. 384 216 gm
  4393. 459 283 lin
  4394. 546 112 gm
  4395. (nc 32 30 762 582 6 rc)kp
  4396. 1 setTxMode
  4397. 12 fz
  4398. bu fc
  4399. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  4400. bn
  4401. -0.10462 0.(Figure 3.1  The interface between the important classes in the FOIBLE framework)ashow
  4402. 582 81 gm
  4403. 0.74371 0. 32 0.07437 0.(The main components of a FOIBLE application are boxes, links, tools, and canvases.  The)awidthshow
  4404. 606 81 gm
  4405. -0.06892 0.(user selects a tool and uses it to manipulate boxes and links in a canvas.  Boxes and links know)ashow
  4406. 630 81 gm
  4407. 0.22232 0. 32 0.02223 0.(their position on the canvas, and they redisplay their image whenever their position or image)awidthshow
  4408. 654 81 gm
  4409. 0.34149 0. 32 0.03414 0.(changes.  Each component is represented by a class in Figure 3.1.  Canvases are represented)awidthshow
  4410. 678 81 gm
  4411. -0.08789 0.(by the class FoibleManager.)ashow
  4412. F T cp
  4413. %%Page: ? 22
  4414. op
  4415. 32 30 xl
  4416. 1 1 pen
  4417. 735 300 gm
  4418. (nc 32 30 762 582 6 rc)kp
  4419. 1 setTxMode
  4420. 0 fs
  4421. 12 fz
  4422. bu fc
  4423. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  4424. bn
  4425. (18)show
  4426. 129 81 gm
  4427. 1 fs
  4428. bu fc
  4429. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  4430. bn
  4431. 1.79997 0.(3.1.1.)ashow
  4432. 129 153 gm
  4433. 0.80094 0.(Foible)ashow
  4434. 165 81 gm
  4435. 0 fs
  4436. bu fc
  4437. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  4438. bn
  4439. 0.08941 0. 32 0.00894 0.(Boxes and links in FOIBLE are collectively referred to as foibles.  There is enough similarity)awidthshow
  4440. 189 81 gm
  4441. -0.06245 0.(between the implementation of the two that grouping boxes and links together is justified.  The)ashow
  4442. 213 81 gm
  4443. -0.02326 0.(Foible class defines the protocol that is shared between boxes and links.  Some of the protocol)ashow
  4444. 237 81 gm
  4445. -0.05000 0.(is implemented in Foible, and some of the protocol must be implemented in the subclasses due)ashow
  4446. 261 81 gm
  4447. 1.28204 0. 32 0.12820 0.(to the differences between boxes and links.  We first describe the Foible class, and then)awidthshow
  4448. 285 81 gm
  4449. -0.08308 0.(describe the more detailed subclasses of Foible.)ashow
  4450. 321 81 gm
  4451. 1.50085 0. 32 0.15008 0.(A Foible is a component of a visual program in a FOIBLE application.  It has a visual)awidthshow
  4452. 345 81 gm
  4453. -0.05360 0.(representation on the screen, as well as internal methods for performing calculations.  Foible is)ashow
  4454. 369 81 gm
  4455. 0.80856 0. 32 0.08085 0.(a subclass of DisplayObject, and so it has protocol for displaying itself.  A Foible, like all)awidthshow
  4456. 393 81 gm
  4457. 0.01846 0. 32 0.00184 0.(DisplayObjects, knows its location on the screen and the size of its image on the screen.  This)awidthshow
  4458. 417 81 gm
  4459. 0.57754 0. 32 0.05775 0.(allows a Foible to determine if a cursor is pointing to it, or if it overlaps other Foibles.  An)awidthshow
  4460. 441 81 gm
  4461. 0.67916 0. 32 0.06791 0.(important aspect of direct manipulation systems, like those developed with FOIBLE, is the)awidthshow
  4462. 465 81 gm
  4463. -0.05061 0.(ability to interactively move the objects on the screen, and a Foible has protocol for moving its)ashow
  4464. 489 81 gm
  4465. -0.06401 0.(image.)ashow
  4466. 525 81 gm
  4467. 0.71990 0. 32 0.07199 0.(Along with having a visual representation, the objects in a visual program also serve some)awidthshow
  4468. 549 81 gm
  4469. 0.37857 0. 32 0.03785 0.(purpose, be it storing a value, performing a calculation or displaying a graphic image on the)awidthshow
  4470. 573 81 gm
  4471. 0.74722 0. 32 0.07472 0.(screen.  Most objects in a visual program need the ability to store or retrieve some type of)awidthshow
  4472. 597 81 gm
  4473. -0.09080 0.(value, and a Foible has protocol for calculating and returning its value.)ashow
  4474. 633 81 gm
  4475. -0.00212 0.(Foible does not implement all of the methods that it declares, making Foible an abstract class.)ashow
  4476. 657 81 gm
  4477. -0.10130 0.(The Foible class simply defines the interface to all visual components in a FOIBLE application.)ashow
  4478. 681 81 gm
  4479. -0.04695 0.(Each different type of component may need to reimplement some of these methods, but Foible)ashow
  4480. F T cp
  4481. %%Page: ? 23
  4482. op
  4483. 32 30 xl
  4484. 1 1 pen
  4485. 735 300 gm
  4486. (nc 32 30 762 582 6 rc)kp
  4487. 1 setTxMode
  4488. 0 fs
  4489. 12 fz
  4490. bu fc
  4491. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  4492. bn
  4493. (19)show
  4494. 93 81 gm
  4495. 1.27426 0. 32 0.12742 0.(provides the basic interface to work with.  The two subclasses of Foible, FoibleBox and)awidthshow
  4496. 117 81 gm
  4497. 0.66909 0. 32 0.06690 0.(FoibleLink, represent the two main components of a FOIBLE application, boxes and links.)awidthshow
  4498. 141 81 gm
  4499. -0.11259 0.(FoibleBox and FoibleLink implement more of the protocol that is declared by Foible.)ashow
  4500. 201 81 gm
  4501. 1 fs
  4502. bu fc
  4503. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  4504. bn
  4505. 1.79997 0.(3.1.2.)ashow
  4506. 201 153 gm
  4507. 0.87516 0.(FoibleBox)ashow
  4508. 237 81 gm
  4509. 0 fs
  4510. bu fc
  4511. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  4512. bn
  4513. 0.09765 0. 32 0.00976 0.(The FoibleBox class represents one of the most important elements in a FOIBLE application,)awidthshow
  4514. 261 81 gm
  4515. 1.22863 0. 32 0.12286 0.(boxes.  The visual representation of a FoibleBox is an icon.  FoibleBox has protocol for)awidthshow
  4516. 285 81 gm
  4517. -0.07263 0.(storing information, performing calculations, and displaying information.)ashow
  4518. 321 81 gm
  4519. 1.81625 0. 32 0.18162 0.(FoibleBoxes need some way of communicating, because many types of boxes perform)awidthshow
  4520. 345 81 gm
  4521. 2.13531 0. 32 0.21353 0.(calculations based on values received from other boxes.  Links allow FoibleBoxes to)awidthshow
  4522. 369 81 gm
  4523. -0.07368 0.(communicate with each other.  A FoibleBox sends a message by sending it through its links.)ashow
  4524. 405 81 gm
  4525. -0.02061 0.(FoibleBoxes are connected to other boxes by links.  A box may perform calculations based on)ashow
  4526. 429 81 gm
  4527. -0.05216 0.(the boxes that it is connected to.  In order to exchange information in a FOIBLE system, boxes)ashow
  4528. 453 81 gm
  4529. 0.21820 0. 32 0.02182 0.(need protocol for sending information to, and receiving information from the boxes that they)awidthshow
  4530. 477 81 gm
  4531. -0.01695 0.(are connected to.  Value passing is not implemented by FoibleBox, but left to be implemented)ashow
  4532. 501 81 gm
  4533. -0.07514 0.(by subclasses, since there are varying approaches to implementing value passing in a system.)ashow
  4534. 537 81 gm
  4535. 0.46524 0. 32 0.04652 0.(Applications normally contain a number of subclasses of FoibleBox, since each type of box)awidthshow
  4536. 561 81 gm
  4537. 0.44158 0. 32 0.04415 0.(requires a new class.  Most of these classes implement very few methods, and many classes)awidthshow
  4538. 585 81 gm
  4539. 1.58309 0. 32 0.15830 0.(inherit the methods that implement interaction and value passing.  The subclasses must)awidthshow
  4540. 609 81 gm
  4541. 0.19897 0. 32 0.01989 0.(implement the actions of the box \(i.e. calculating a value, or displaying a graphic image\) and)awidthshow
  4542. 633 81 gm
  4543. -0.09677 0.(define the image of the box.)ashow
  4544. F T cp
  4545. %%Page: ? 24
  4546. op
  4547. 32 30 xl
  4548. 1 1 pen
  4549. 735 300 gm
  4550. (nc 32 30 762 582 6 rc)kp
  4551. 1 setTxMode
  4552. 0 fs
  4553. 12 fz
  4554. bu fc
  4555. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  4556. bn
  4557. (20)show
  4558. 105 81 gm
  4559. 1 fs
  4560. bu fc
  4561. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  4562. bn
  4563. 1.79997 0.(3.1.3.)ashow
  4564. 105 153 gm
  4565. 0.59170 0.(FoibleLink)ashow
  4566. 141 81 gm
  4567. 0 fs
  4568. bu fc
  4569. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  4570. bn
  4571. 0.42984 0. 32 0.04298 0.(FoibleLinks serve two related purposes in a FOIBLE application; they connect FoibleBoxes)awidthshow
  4572. 165 81 gm
  4573. -0.08906 0.(visually, and they allow FoibleBoxes to communicate with each other during the execution of a)ashow
  4574. 189 81 gm
  4575. 0.19332 0. 32 0.01933 0.(visual program.  Much of the protocol that FoibleLink implements is used for displaying and)awidthshow
  4576. 213 81 gm
  4577. -0.10214 0.(modifying the image of a link.)ashow
  4578. 249 81 gm
  4579. 0.11932 0. 32 0.01193 0.(FOIBLE creates links in such a way that it is easy to know the direction that information will)awidthshow
  4580. 273 81 gm
  4581. 0.07247 0. 32 0.00724 0.(travel.  Links are always created by first selecting the box that will send information and then)awidthshow
  4582. 297 81 gm
  4583. -0.13293 0.(selecting the box that will receive information.)ashow
  4584. 333 81 gm
  4585. 0.53756 0. 32 0.05375 0.(After a link is created, its image shows the direction that the boxes will communicate.  The)awidthshow
  4586. 357 81 gm
  4587. 0.64086 0. 32 0.06408 0.(images for links all contain an arrow to display the direction of a link.  Although only uni-)awidthshow
  4588. 381 81 gm
  4589. 1.35787 0. 32 0.13578 0.(directional links have been used in FOIBLE applications, it should be possible to create)awidthshow
  4590. 405 81 gm
  4591. -0.11868 0.(bidirectional links, in which information can travel in either direction.)ashow
  4592. 441 81 gm
  4593. 1.03317 0. 32 0.10331 0.(FOIBLE applications must have at least one subclass of FoibleLink.  There may be more)awidthshow
  4594. 465 81 gm
  4595. 0.94329 0. 32 0.09432 0.(subclasses, depending on the number of different types of links that are in a system.  The)awidthshow
  4596. 489 81 gm
  4597. -0.06567 0.(subclasses must implement value passing and define the link's image.)ashow
  4598. 549 81 gm
  4599. 1 fs
  4600. bu fc
  4601. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  4602. bn
  4603. 1.79997 0.(3.1.4.)ashow
  4604. 549 153 gm
  4605. 0.88742 0.(Tool)ashow
  4606. 585 81 gm
  4607. 0 fs
  4608. bu fc
  4609. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  4610. bn
  4611. -0.05982 0.(Tools are used to perform various operations in a FOIBLE application.  For example, tools can)ashow
  4612. 609 81 gm
  4613. 1.12915 0. 32 0.11291 0.(be used for adding, deleting, or editing a box or link.  Several tools can be defined for a)awidthshow
  4614. 633 81 gm
  4615. 0.63659 0. 32 0.06365 0.(canvas, however only one tool can be active at any one time.  Each tool has an icon that is)awidthshow
  4616. 657 81 gm
  4617. 1.02981 0. 32 0.10298 0.(displayed in the palette and can have its own cursor that is used when it is active.  Tools)awidthshow
  4618. 681 81 gm
  4619. 1.39556 0. 32 0.13955 0.(perform operations depending on user inputs such as mouse clicks, menu selections and)awidthshow
  4620. F T cp
  4621. %%Page: ? 25
  4622. op
  4623. 32 30 xl
  4624. 1 1 pen
  4625. 735 300 gm
  4626. (nc 32 30 762 582 6 rc)kp
  4627. 1 setTxMode
  4628. 0 fs
  4629. 12 fz
  4630. bu fc
  4631. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  4632. bn
  4633. (21)show
  4634. 93 81 gm
  4635. -0.07237 0.(keyboard input, and if a tool can perform more than one operation, the available operations can)ashow
  4636. 117 81 gm
  4637. -0.07589 0.(be selected with a pop-up menu.)ashow
  4638. 153 81 gm
  4639. 0.81756 0. 32 0.08175 0.(The protocol for drawing and editing links between boxes is contained in Tool.  Tool also)awidthshow
  4640. 177 81 gm
  4641. 0.29418 0. 32 0.02941 0.(declares methods for creating, moving and deleting \(and copying\) Foibles, although some of)awidthshow
  4642. 201 81 gm
  4643. -0.02046 0.(the methods are not implemented and left to subclasses to implement.  Many of the operations)ashow
  4644. 225 81 gm
  4645. -0.07884 0.(that Tools perform require the selection of a Foible, so Tool has various methods for cursor I/O)ashow
  4646. 249 81 gm
  4647. -0.10929 0.(and selecting a Foible at the cursor location.)ashow
  4648. 285 81 gm
  4649. 0.07354 0. 32 0.00735 0.(The class Tool is slightly different from the user interface tool.  In the FOIBLE user interface)awidthshow
  4650. 309 81 gm
  4651. -0.03472 0.(terms, a "tool" is selected in the palette, and if there are multiple canvases, then the "tool" may)ashow
  4652. 333 81 gm
  4653. 0.80551 0. 32 0.08055 0.(perform different operations in each canvas.  However, a Tool in FOIBLE operates in one)awidthshow
  4654. 357 81 gm
  4655. 0.34820 0. 32 0.03482 0.(canvas.  If there is more than one canvas in a system then a Tool is installed in each canvas.)awidthshow
  4656. 381 81 gm
  4657. 0.90591 0. 32 0.09059 0.(Thus, selecting a single user interface tool might cause several Tools to be installed.  The)awidthshow
  4658. 405 81 gm
  4659. -0.04803 0.(reason for having a separate Tool for each canvas is that a "tool" may have a different function)ashow
  4660. 429 81 gm
  4661. 0.89172 0. 32 0.08917 0.(in each canvas.  If the same functionality is desired in each canvas, then the same Tool is)awidthshow
  4662. 453 81 gm
  4663. 0.16647 0. 32 0.01664 0.(installed in each canvas.  This could be implemented another way, but since we have not had)awidthshow
  4664. 477 81 gm
  4665. -0.09692 0.(problems with the current implementation, we did not spend time redesigning it.)ashow
  4666. 537 81 gm
  4667. 1 fs
  4668. bu fc
  4669. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  4670. bn
  4671. 1.79997 0.(3.1.5.)ashow
  4672. 537 153 gm
  4673. 0.59979 0.(Canvas)ashow
  4674. 573 81 gm
  4675. 0 fs
  4676. bu fc
  4677. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  4678. bn
  4679. 0.25939 0. 32 0.02593 0.(The canvas is where users perform all of their work.  Smalltalk provides a very friendly user)awidthshow
  4680. 597 81 gm
  4681. 0.02304 0. 32 0.00230 0.(interface, and much of the interface is retained in FOIBLE.  Many actions are performed with)awidthshow
  4682. 621 81 gm
  4683. 0.35614 0. 32 0.03561 0.(the mouse, although data must sometimes be entered with the keyboard.  To inform the user)awidthshow
  4684. 645 81 gm
  4685. 0.97869 0. 32 0.09786 0.(which tool is active, the image of the cursor may change when it is moved into a canvas.)awidthshow
  4686. 669 81 gm
  4687. 0.46737 0. 32 0.04673 0.(Changing the cursor is also useful when there is more than one canvas in an application.  A)awidthshow
  4688. 693 81 gm
  4689. -0.09165 0.(single tool may have different functionality in each different canvas, and changing the cursor to)ashow
  4690. F T cp
  4691. %%Page: ? 26
  4692. op
  4693. 32 30 xl
  4694. 1 1 pen
  4695. 735 300 gm
  4696. (nc 32 30 762 582 6 rc)kp
  4697. 1 setTxMode
  4698. 0 fs
  4699. 12 fz
  4700. bu fc
  4701. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  4702. bn
  4703. (22)show
  4704. 93 81 gm
  4705. 0.94024 0. 32 0.09402 0.(signify this will alert the user to the change in functionality.  The ability to have multiple)awidthshow
  4706. 117 81 gm
  4707. -0.10104 0.(canvases in an application is a useful ability provided by FOIBLE.)ashow
  4708. 153 81 gm
  4709. -0.11746 0.(Many applications need only one canvas, but there are examples where an application could use)ashow
  4710. 177 81 gm
  4711. -0.05335 0.(more than one canvas.  An example would be an application in which each canvas represents a)ashow
  4712. 201 81 gm
  4713. 0.41503 0. 32 0.04150 0.(different view of the objects in the system.  FlowKit is an example of using FOIBLE in this)awidthshow
  4714. 225 81 gm
  4715. 2.10464 0. 32 0.21046 0.(manner [Scae88].  Another possibility is using canvases to display different levels of)awidthshow
  4716. 249 81 gm
  4717. 0.11276 0. 32 0.01127 0.(abstraction.  One canvas could display only the most basic information, while another canvas)awidthshow
  4718. 273 81 gm
  4719. 0.06088 0. 32 0.00608 0.(could display all of the information in a system.  Other canvases could display information of)awidthshow
  4720. 297 81 gm
  4721. 1.92504 0. 32 0.19250 0.(intermediate complexity.  Although FOIBLE supports multiple canvases, ensuring that)awidthshow
  4722. 321 81 gm
  4723. -0.09640 0.(canvases are consistent is left to the developers that use it.)ashow
  4724. 381 81 gm
  4725. 1 fs
  4726. bu fc
  4727. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  4728. bn
  4729. 1.99996 0.(3.2.)ashow
  4730. 381 117 gm
  4731. 0.56983 0.(Model-View-Controller)ashow
  4732. 417 81 gm
  4733. 0 fs
  4734. bu fc
  4735. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  4736. bn
  4737. 0.67428 0. 32 0.06742 0.(Smalltalk has a framework for user interfaces, called Model-View-Controller \(MVC\).  The)awidthshow
  4738. 441 81 gm
  4739. -0.05987 0.(model contains the data that the interface is related to.  The view displays an image of the data.)ashow
  4740. 465 81 gm
  4741. 1.19705 0. 32 0.11970 0.(The controller converts user input into messages to the model and the view.  FOIBLE is)awidthshow
  4742. 489 81 gm
  4743. 0.23406 0. 32 0.02340 0.(integrated into MVC, and the design of FOIBLE is similar to the design of MVC.  However,)awidthshow
  4744. 513 81 gm
  4745. -0.11595 0.(most of FOIBLE is independent of MVC, and MVC does not directly affect the implementation)ashow
  4746. 537 81 gm
  4747. 1.94244 0. 32 0.19424 0.(of Foible or FoibleManager.  For a detailed description of the Model-View-Controller)awidthshow
  4748. 561 81 gm
  4749. 0.09582 0. 32 0.00958 0.(framework, consult [Gold87] and [Kras88].)awidthshow
  4750. 597 81 gm
  4751. 0.03005 0. 32 0.00300 0.(Views display an image of the data in a window on the screen.  A view can also contain other)awidthshow
  4752. 621 81 gm
  4753. 0.33920 0. 32 0.03392 0.(views, called subViews, inside of it.  When an operation, such as moving, is performed on a)awidthshow
  4754. 645 81 gm
  4755. -0.04200 0.(view, it informs each of its subViews.  This maintains consistency within each window.  Since)ashow
  4756. 669 81 gm
  4757. -0.06001 0.(all user input is performed by controllers, the controllers can ensure that the displayed image is)ashow
  4758. 693 81 gm
  4759. -0.08906 0.(always correct by informing the view whenever an operation is performed on the model.)ashow
  4760. F T cp
  4761. %%Page: ? 27
  4762. op
  4763. 32 30 xl
  4764. 1 1 pen
  4765. 735 300 gm
  4766. (nc 32 30 762 582 6 rc)kp
  4767. 1 setTxMode
  4768. 0 fs
  4769. 12 fz
  4770. bu fc
  4771. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  4772. bn
  4773. (23)show
  4774. 93 81 gm
  4775. 0.62713 0. 32 0.06271 0.(MouseMenuController, which is a subclass of the main controller class, gives the ability to)awidthshow
  4776. 117 81 gm
  4777. 0.37673 0. 32 0.03767 0.(create a popup menu when a mouse button is pressed.  A subclass of MouseMenuController)awidthshow
  4778. 141 81 gm
  4779. 0.44631 0. 32 0.04463 0.(can define menus and the resulting operations that are available, and MouseMenuController)awidthshow
  4780. 165 81 gm
  4781. -0.02377 0.(handles displaying the appropriate menu, when a button is pressed, and sending the associated)ashow
  4782. 189 81 gm
  4783. 0.80017 0. 32 0.08001 0.(message.  Smalltalk uses a three button mouse, and there is a convention in Smalltalk that)awidthshow
  4784. 213 81 gm
  4785. -0.08551 0.(assigns an important function to each button for MouseMenuController and its subclasses.  The)ashow
  4786. 237 81 gm
  4787. 0.00549 0. 32 0.00054 0.(left \(red\) button is used to select objects in a view.  The middle \(yellow\) button has a menu of)awidthshow
  4788. 261 81 gm
  4789. 0.90698 0. 32 0.09069 0.(operations that are available in a view.  The right \(blue\) button has a menu of windowing)awidthshow
  4790. 285 81 gm
  4791. (operations.)show
  4792. 321 81 gm
  4793. 0.65460 0. 32 0.06546 0.(The windowing operations are implemented in StandardSystemController, which is usually)awidthshow
  4794. 345 81 gm
  4795. -0.03871 0.(used as the top level controller for a window.  Subclasses of MouseMenuController usually do)ashow
  4796. 369 81 gm
  4797. 0.40893 0. 32 0.04089 0.(not implement a blue button menu.  Instead, they delegate handling the blue button menu to)awidthshow
  4798. 393 81 gm
  4799. 0.25375 0. 32 0.02537 0.(their top level controller, which is a StandardSystemController.  Most Smalltalk applications)awidthshow
  4800. 417 81 gm
  4801. -0.09593 0.(redefine the red and yellow button activities, and FOIBLE was built in this manner.)ashow
  4802. 477 81 gm
  4803. 1 fs
  4804. bu fc
  4805. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  4806. bn
  4807. 1.79997 0.(3.2.1.)ashow
  4808. 477 153 gm
  4809. 2.08816 0. 32 0.20881 0.(Top Level MVC)awidthshow
  4810. 513 81 gm
  4811. 0 fs
  4812. bu fc
  4813. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  4814. bn
  4815. -0.00901 0.(There are three levels of Model-View-Controller in a FOIBLE application.  Most applications)ashow
  4816. 537 81 gm
  4817. 0.83953 0. 32 0.08395 0.(built in Smalltalk are placed inside of a StandardSystemView \(SSV\), because SSV and its)awidthshow
  4818. 561 81 gm
  4819. -0.03565 0.(controller, StandardSystemController \(SSC\), implement the operations that allow a window to)ashow
  4820. 585 81 gm
  4821. 1.01715 0. 32 0.10171 0.(be moved and resized.  Thus, all of the views in an application are subviews of the SSV.)awidthshow
  4822. 609 81 gm
  4823. 0.08834 0. 32 0.00883 0.(FOIBLE is built in this manner.  The relationship between the various views and controller is)awidthshow
  4824. 633 81 gm
  4825. 0.75866 0. 32 0.07586 0.(shown in Figures 3.2 and 3.3.  Figure 3.2 shows a picture of FlowKit, which is a FOIBLE)awidthshow
  4826. 657 81 gm
  4827. -0.07656 0.(application that uses two canvases.)ashow
  4828. F T cp
  4829. %%Page: ? 28
  4830. op
  4831. 32 30 xl
  4832. 1 1 pen
  4833. 735 300 gm
  4834. (nc 32 30 762 582 6 rc)kp
  4835. 1 setTxMode
  4836. 0 fs
  4837. 12 fz
  4838. bu fc
  4839. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  4840. bn
  4841. (24)show
  4842. 0 0 gm
  4843. (nc 72 140 388 471 6 rc)kp
  4844. T 331 81 140 72 42 331 81 T 0 db
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  5182. 421 201 gm
  5183. (nc 32 30 762 582 6 rc)kp
  5184. bu fc
  5185. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  5186. bn
  5187. -0.03089 0.(Figure 3.2  FlowKit by Beth Scaer [Scae88])ashow
  5188. 457 81 gm
  5189. 0.00595 0. 32 0.00059 0.(Figure 3.3 shows a detailed diagram of how the views actually fit together.  The top level of a)awidthshow
  5190. 481 81 gm
  5191. 0.07461 0. 32 0.00746 0.(FOIBLE application is contained inside of a FoibleView, which is a subclass of SSV, and the)awidthshow
  5192. 505 81 gm
  5193. 0.10330 0. 32 0.01033 0.(controller for the FoibleView is an SSC.  The second level has a ToolBenchView, which fills)awidthshow
  5194. 529 81 gm
  5195. 0.40588 0. 32 0.04058 0.(the entire area of the SSV.  The controller for the ToolBenchView is a PaletteController.  A)awidthshow
  5196. 553 81 gm
  5197. 0.17761 0. 32 0.01776 0.(FoibleProgram is used as the model at this level and the top level.  The FoibleProgram keeps)awidthshow
  5198. 577 81 gm
  5199. -0.02580 0.(track of the top level FoibleManagers for each canvas and also can store and retrieve its visual)ashow
  5200. 601 81 gm
  5201. -0.04861 0.(program.  Programs are stored and retrieved using a binary storage method, which is described)ashow
  5202. 625 81 gm
  5203. -0.06269 0.(later.)ashow
  5204. 661 81 gm
  5205. 2.53021 0. 32 0.25302 0.(The third level of MVC represents the canvases.  One CanvasView is added to the)awidthshow
  5206. 685 81 gm
  5207. 3.63281 0. 32 0.36328 0.(ToolBenchView for each canvas in the application, and each CanvasView has a)awidthshow
  5208. F T cp
  5209. %%Page: ? 29
  5210. op
  5211. 32 30 xl
  5212. 1 1 pen
  5213. 735 300 gm
  5214. (nc 32 30 762 582 6 rc)kp
  5215. 1 setTxMode
  5216. 0 fs
  5217. 12 fz
  5218. bu fc
  5219. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  5220. bn
  5221. (25)show
  5222. 93 81 gm
  5223. 0.95840 0. 32 0.09584 0.(CanvasController for its controller.  The CanvasViews are each given a size such that the)awidthshow
  5224. 117 81 gm
  5225. -0.05563 0.(canvases placed side by side fill the entire application window.  A FoibleManager is the model)ashow
  5226. 141 81 gm
  5227. -0.09729 0.(for the picture in each canvas.)ashow
  5228. 0 0 gm
  5229. (nc 192 138 508 474 6 rc)kp
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  5568. 541 197 gm
  5569. (nc 32 30 762 582 6 rc)kp
  5570. bu fc
  5571. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  5572. bn
  5573. -0.04438 0.(Figure 3.3  The views relationship in FlowKit)ashow
  5574. 577 81 gm
  5575. -0.07237 0.(The MVC components for each of the parts shown in figure 3.3 is:)ashow
  5576. 613 130 gm
  5577. -0.33174 0.(Model)ashow
  5578. 613 274 gm
  5579. -0.32872 0.(View)ashow
  5580. 613 423 gm
  5581. -0.14649 0.(Controller)ashow
  5582. 631 81 gm
  5583. 0.33688 0.(A.)ashow
  5584. 631 117 gm
  5585. -0.08183 0.(FoibleProgram)ashow
  5586. 631 261 gm
  5587. -0.18345 0.(FoibleView)ashow
  5588. 631 405 gm
  5589. -0.09999 0.(StandardSystemController)ashow
  5590. 649 81 gm
  5591. 0.99601 0.(B.)ashow
  5592. 649 117 gm
  5593. -0.08183 0.(FoibleProgram)ashow
  5594. 649 261 gm
  5595. -0.19221 0.(ToolBenchView)ashow
  5596. 649 405 gm
  5597. -0.18557 0.(PaletteController)ashow
  5598. 667 81 gm
  5599. 0.99601 0.(C.)ashow
  5600. 667 117 gm
  5601. -0.17723 0.(FoibleManager1)ashow
  5602. 667 261 gm
  5603. -0.13095 0.(CanvasView1)ashow
  5604. 667 405 gm
  5605. -0.10261 0.(CanvasController1)ashow
  5606. 685 81 gm
  5607. 0.33688 0.(D.)ashow
  5608. 685 117 gm
  5609. -0.17723 0.(FoibleManager2)ashow
  5610. 685 261 gm
  5611. -0.13095 0.(CanvasView2)ashow
  5612. 685 405 gm
  5613. -0.10261 0.(CanvasController2)ashow
  5614. F T cp
  5615. %%Page: ? 30
  5616. op
  5617. 32 30 xl
  5618. 1 1 pen
  5619. 735 300 gm
  5620. (nc 32 30 762 582 6 rc)kp
  5621. 1 setTxMode
  5622. 0 fs
  5623. 12 fz
  5624. bu fc
  5625. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  5626. bn
  5627. (26)show
  5628. 129 81 gm
  5629. 1 fs
  5630. bu fc
  5631. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  5632. bn
  5633. 1.79997 0.(3.2.2.)ashow
  5634. 129 153 gm
  5635. 2.96066 0. 32 0.29606 0.(Second level MVC)awidthshow
  5636. 165 81 gm
  5637. 0 fs
  5638. bu fc
  5639. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  5640. bn
  5641. 1.53732 0. 32 0.15373 0.(The second level of MVC in FOIBLE controls the entire window that an application is)awidthshow
  5642. 189 81 gm
  5643. -0.00543 0.(contained in.  It was needed to manage the palette as well as handle the possibility of multiple)ashow
  5644. 213 81 gm
  5645. 0.04518 0.(canvases.)ashow
  5646. 273 81 gm
  5647. 1 fs
  5648. bu fc
  5649. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  5650. bn
  5651. 1.71426 0.(3.2.2.1.)ashow
  5652. 273 153 gm
  5653. 0.50247 0.(FoibleProgram)ashow
  5654. 309 81 gm
  5655. 0 fs
  5656. bu fc
  5657. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  5658. bn
  5659. -0.02493 0.(FoibleProgram is the top level and second level model of a FOIBLE program.  FoibleProgram)ashow
  5660. 333 81 gm
  5661. 1.36459 0. 32 0.13645 0.(is used to either start up a new application or read an application that is stored on disk.)awidthshow
  5662. 357 81 gm
  5663. 0.37490 0. 32 0.03749 0.(FoibleProgram manages the top level FoibleManagers, and handles storing its application to)awidthshow
  5664. 381 81 gm
  5665. 1.56402 0. 32 0.15640 0.(disk, and reading in applications from disk.  Each FoibleProgram stores a name, which)awidthshow
  5666. 405 81 gm
  5667. 0.79147 0. 32 0.07914 0.(appears in the title bar of the application window and is also used as a default name when)awidthshow
  5668. 429 81 gm
  5669. -0.03340 0.(storing the program.)ashow
  5670. 489 81 gm
  5671. 1 fs
  5672. bu fc
  5673. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  5674. bn
  5675. 1.71426 0.(3.2.2.2.)ashow
  5676. 489 153 gm
  5677. 0.72312 0.(ToolBenchView)ashow
  5678. 525 81 gm
  5679. 0 fs
  5680. bu fc
  5681. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  5682. bn
  5683. -0.12321 0.(ToolBenchView is the top level view in the MVC triad.  ToolBenchView manages the canvases)ashow
  5684. 549 81 gm
  5685. 1.45431 0. 32 0.14543 0.(in an application.  ToolBenchView also handles the selection of tools in the palette.  A)awidthshow
  5686. 573 81 gm
  5687. 0.46951 0. 32 0.04695 0.(ToolBenchView has a PaletteController as its controller.  PaletteController controls the tool)awidthshow
  5688. 597 81 gm
  5689. 1.40899 0. 32 0.14089 0.(selection from the palette of tool icons.  When a new tool is selected in the palette, the)awidthshow
  5690. 621 81 gm
  5691. -0.09088 0.(PaletteController informs its ToolBenchView, and the ToolBenchView in turn, informs each of)ashow
  5692. 645 81 gm
  5693. -0.10452 0.(its canvases to install the appropriate tool.)ashow
  5694. F T cp
  5695. %%Page: ? 31
  5696. op
  5697. 32 30 xl
  5698. 1 1 pen
  5699. 735 300 gm
  5700. (nc 32 30 762 582 6 rc)kp
  5701. 1 setTxMode
  5702. 0 fs
  5703. 12 fz
  5704. bu fc
  5705. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  5706. bn
  5707. (27)show
  5708. 93 81 gm
  5709. 1 fs
  5710. bu fc
  5711. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  5712. bn
  5713. 1.71426 0.(3.2.2.3.)ashow
  5714. 93 153 gm
  5715. 0.42025 0.(PaletteController)ashow
  5716. 129 81 gm
  5717. 0 fs
  5718. bu fc
  5719. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  5720. bn
  5721. 0.18798 0. 32 0.01879 0.(The palette on a FOIBLE application's window is implemented in the controller.  The palette)awidthshow
  5722. 153 81 gm
  5723. 1.10000 0. 32 0.11000 0.(was difficult to implement as a view because of the way View resizes things, so the best)awidthshow
  5724. 177 81 gm
  5725. 0.49713 0. 32 0.04971 0.(solution was to avoid having the palette be a View.  We borrowed this idea from a drawing)awidthshow
  5726. 201 81 gm
  5727. 2.08328 0. 32 0.20832 0.(package called HotDraw that was developed by Ward Cunningham and Kent Beck at)awidthshow
  5728. 225 81 gm
  5729. -0.03523 0.(Tektronix.)ashow
  5730. 261 81 gm
  5731. 1.03271 0. 32 0.10327 0.(The palette is implemented in the controller for the middle level MVC, PaletteController.)awidthshow
  5732. 285 81 gm
  5733. 0.98281 0. 32 0.09828 0.(PaletteController manages the palette and informs its ToolBenchView when a new tool is)awidthshow
  5734. 309 81 gm
  5735. 0.61050 0. 32 0.06105 0.(selected.  The palette is implemented much like a scroll bar.  PaletteController is, in fact, a)awidthshow
  5736. 333 81 gm
  5737. 1.30187 0. 32 0.13018 0.(subclass of ScrollController.  This allows the palette to remain a constant size while the)awidthshow
  5738. 357 81 gm
  5739. -0.08865 0.(application window can be resized.)ashow
  5740. 393 81 gm
  5741. 0.46356 0. 32 0.04635 0.(A scroll bar is normally used when a view cannot display all of its information.  Scroll bars)awidthshow
  5742. 417 81 gm
  5743. 0.46432 0. 32 0.04643 0.(allow the user to change which part of the information is displayed.  A scroll bar contains a)awidthshow
  5744. 441 81 gm
  5745. 0.51452 0. 32 0.05145 0.(marker that shows the user the relative size and position of the information that is currently)awidthshow
  5746. 465 81 gm
  5747. 1.24023 0. 32 0.12402 0.(displayed.  Scroll bars are implemented in the class ScrollController.  When the view of)awidthshow
  5748. 489 81 gm
  5749. 1.39251 0. 32 0.13925 0.(ScrollController is active and the cursor is in the view, the scroll bar is displayed.  The)awidthshow
  5750. 513 81 gm
  5751. -0.01957 0.(ScrollController takes control when the cursor is moved into the scroll bar area, and when any)ashow
  5752. 537 81 gm
  5753. -0.02653 0.(mouse button is pressed, the ScrollController calculates the new section of information that its)ashow
  5754. 561 81 gm
  5755. 0.69427 0. 32 0.06942 0.(view should display.  When a mouse button is pressed, ScrollController calculates the new)awidthshow
  5756. 585 81 gm
  5757. 2.17941 0. 32 0.21794 0.(information and sends a message to its view, asking it to display the new section of)awidthshow
  5758. 609 81 gm
  5759. 0.00701 0. 32 0.00070 0.(information, the view is updated, and the ScrollController updates the marker in the scroll bar)awidthshow
  5760. 633 81 gm
  5761. -0.09114 0.(to represent the new section of information that is displayed.)ashow
  5762. 669 81 gm
  5763. 0.18417 0. 32 0.01841 0.(PaletteController is used to control the tool that is active in an application.  It is a subclass of)awidthshow
  5764. 693 81 gm
  5765. -0.06454 0.(ScrollController because the palette behaves very much like a scroll bar.  When the cursor is in)ashow
  5766. F T cp
  5767. %%Page: ? 32
  5768. op
  5769. 32 30 xl
  5770. 1 1 pen
  5771. 735 300 gm
  5772. (nc 32 30 762 582 6 rc)kp
  5773. 1 setTxMode
  5774. 0 fs
  5775. 12 fz
  5776. bu fc
  5777. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  5778. bn
  5779. (28)show
  5780. 93 81 gm
  5781. 0.08804 0. 32 0.00880 0.(the scroll bar, the ScrollController is active, and it receives the mouse I/O, informing its view)awidthshow
  5782. 117 81 gm
  5783. -0.10560 0.(when to update.  The palette needs the exact same type of interaction.  When the cursor is in the)ashow
  5784. 141 81 gm
  5785. 0.99914 0. 32 0.09991 0.(palette, the PaletteController is active, and when the user clicks on an particular icon, the)awidthshow
  5786. 165 81 gm
  5787. -0.00175 0.(PaletteController informs its view \(a ToolBenchView\).  When a view is changed with a scroll)ashow
  5788. 189 81 gm
  5789. 0.10055 0. 32 0.01005 0.(bar, the marker is updated, and when a new tool is selected, the new tool's icon is highlighted)awidthshow
  5790. 213 81 gm
  5791. -0.02989 0.(in the palette.  Most of the methods in PaletteController are needed for display purposes, since)ashow
  5792. 237 81 gm
  5793. -0.12527 0.(the palette is more complicated to display than a scroll bar is.)ashow
  5794. 273 81 gm
  5795. 0.55999 0. 32 0.05599 0.(The early version of FOIBLE implemented the palette with a subview that contained icons.)awidthshow
  5796. 297 81 gm
  5797. 0.14038 0. 32 0.01403 0.(This did not work well, because it is important for a palette to remain the same size when the)awidthshow
  5798. 321 81 gm
  5799. 0.60302 0. 32 0.06030 0.(window that includes it grows or shrinks.  Smalltalk views are normally resized when their)awidthshow
  5800. 345 81 gm
  5801. 0.47500 0. 32 0.04750 0.(enclosing window is resized.  Handling a view that remains a constant size, like the palette,)awidthshow
  5802. 369 81 gm
  5803. 0.16067 0. 32 0.01606 0.(required reimplementing some of the View windowing methods.  This was not only complex)awidthshow
  5804. 393 81 gm
  5805. 3.27484 0. 32 0.32748 0.(and error prone, but also made the FOIBLE code less portable between different)awidthshow
  5806. 417 81 gm
  5807. -0.14181 0.(implementations of Smalltalk.)ashow
  5808. 453 81 gm
  5809. -0.00955 0.(Making the palette a controller also allows FOIBLE applications to be implemented without a)ashow
  5810. 477 81 gm
  5811. 0.52215 0. 32 0.05221 0.(palette, thus giving more flexibility in design to developers.  For example, Sh++, a "visual")awidthshow
  5812. 501 81 gm
  5813. 1.57699 0. 32 0.15769 0.(Unix shell, does not have a palette [Senn90].  The functionality is not limited, because)awidthshow
  5814. 525 81 gm
  5815. 0.18661 0. 32 0.01866 0.(Smalltalk allows the use of hierarchical menus.  Sh++ uses hierarchical menus to select from)awidthshow
  5816. 549 81 gm
  5817. 0.36376 0. 32 0.03637 0.(its wide variety of operations.  The class NoPaletteController is used by applications that do)awidthshow
  5818. 573 81 gm
  5819. -0.09611 0.(not use a palette.)ashow
  5820. F T cp
  5821. %%Page: ? 33
  5822. op
  5823. 32 30 xl
  5824. 1 1 pen
  5825. 735 300 gm
  5826. (nc 32 30 762 582 6 rc)kp
  5827. 1 setTxMode
  5828. 0 fs
  5829. 12 fz
  5830. bu fc
  5831. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  5832. bn
  5833. (29)show
  5834. 105 81 gm
  5835. 1 fs
  5836. bu fc
  5837. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  5838. bn
  5839. 1.79997 0.(3.2.3.)ashow
  5840. 105 153 gm
  5841. 2.39257 0. 32 0.23925 0.(Bottom Level MVC)awidthshow
  5842. 141 81 gm
  5843. 0 fs
  5844. bu fc
  5845. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  5846. bn
  5847. -0.09385 0.(FOIBLE was built on top of the MVC framework.  Although we can describe the framework in)ashow
  5848. 165 81 gm
  5849. 0.23254 0. 32 0.02325 0.(terms of MVC, FOIBLE was not strictly built as an MVC system.  In the following sections,)awidthshow
  5850. 189 81 gm
  5851. -0.08714 0.(we describe the objects that fill the roles of the models, views and controllers in FOIBLE.)ashow
  5852. 249 81 gm
  5853. 1 fs
  5854. bu fc
  5855. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  5856. bn
  5857. 1.71426 0.(3.2.3.1.)ashow
  5858. 249 153 gm
  5859. 0.44630 0.(FoibleManager)ashow
  5860. 285 81 gm
  5861. 0 fs
  5862. bu fc
  5863. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  5864. bn
  5865. -0.07160 0.(The model in a FOIBLE application is the picture that the user creates.  The picture in a canvas)ashow
  5866. 309 81 gm
  5867. 0.17166 0. 32 0.01716 0.(is made up of a number of Foibles, so a group of Foibles actually forms the MVC model in a)awidthshow
  5868. 333 81 gm
  5869. 1.23535 0. 32 0.12353 0.(canvas.  However, MVC is much easier to use if there is a single model, and a standard)awidthshow
  5870. 357 81 gm
  5871. -0.10626 0.(implementation trick in Smalltalk is to define an object to represent a set of objects.  This single)ashow
  5872. 381 81 gm
  5873. -0.07650 0.(object is then used as the model for the system.)ashow
  5874. 417 81 gm
  5875. 0.19943 0. 32 0.01994 0.(The class FoibleManager was created to be the single model for a canvas and is the model in)awidthshow
  5876. 441 81 gm
  5877. 0.84030 0. 32 0.08403 0.(the MVC triad.  A FoibleManager represents a set of Foibles in a canvas.  FoibleManager)awidthshow
  5878. 465 81 gm
  5879. 1.50863 0. 32 0.15086 0.(keeps an ordering of the links and boxes that it manages, allowing a 2 1/2 dimensional)awidthshow
  5880. 489 81 gm
  5881. 0.00778 0. 32 0.00077 0.(representation on the screen.  In a 2 1/2 dimensional representation, all of the images are two-)awidthshow
  5882. 513 81 gm
  5883. -0.01266 0.(dimensional, but when the images overlap, there is an ordering to the elements.  This ordering)ashow
  5884. 537 81 gm
  5885. 0.75637 0. 32 0.07563 0.(can be used for displaying the objects, as well as when a user is selecting an object on the)awidthshow
  5886. 561 81 gm
  5887. 0.06022 0.(screen.)ashow
  5888. 597 81 gm
  5889. 1.28524 0. 32 0.12852 0.(FoibleManagers and Tools are the only objects that can directly manipulate Foibles, and)awidthshow
  5890. 621 81 gm
  5891. 0.36193 0. 32 0.03619 0.(FoibleManagers actually do most of the manipulation.  Thus, FoibleManagers have protocol)awidthshow
  5892. 645 81 gm
  5893. 0.06286 0. 32 0.00628 0.(for modifying and deleting their Foibles.  FoibleManager is a subclass of DisplayObject, so it)awidthshow
  5894. 669 81 gm
  5895. -0.05767 0.(has methods for displaying its image.  A FoibleManager's image is really just a combination of)ashow
  5896. 693 81 gm
  5897. -0.11705 0.(the images of all the Foibles that it manages.)ashow
  5898. F T cp
  5899. %%Page: ? 34
  5900. op
  5901. 32 30 xl
  5902. 1 1 pen
  5903. 735 300 gm
  5904. (nc 32 30 762 582 6 rc)kp
  5905. 1 setTxMode
  5906. 0 fs
  5907. 12 fz
  5908. bu fc
  5909. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  5910. bn
  5911. (30)show
  5912. 129 81 gm
  5913. 1 fs
  5914. bu fc
  5915. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  5916. bn
  5917. 1.71426 0.(3.2.3.2.)ashow
  5918. 129 153 gm
  5919. 0.66806 0.(CanvasView)ashow
  5920. 165 81 gm
  5921. 0 fs
  5922. bu fc
  5923. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  5924. bn
  5925. -0.10223 0.(Each canvas in an application has a CanvasView to display its foibles.  CanvasView is the view)ashow
  5926. 189 81 gm
  5927. 0.06973 0. 32 0.00697 0.(in the MVC triad for each canvas, so it has protocol for displaying its area.  CanvasView also)awidthshow
  5928. 213 81 gm
  5929. 0.78430 0. 32 0.07843 0.(has protocol for installing a new tool.  The actions of the currently active tool are actually)awidthshow
  5930. 237 81 gm
  5931. -0.07920 0.(controlled by a CanvasController, which is the controller for a CanvasView.)ashow
  5932. 297 81 gm
  5933. 1 fs
  5934. bu fc
  5935. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  5936. bn
  5937. 1.71426 0.(3.2.3.3.)ashow
  5938. 297 153 gm
  5939. 0.46836 0.(CanvasController)ashow
  5940. 333 81 gm
  5941. 0 fs
  5942. bu fc
  5943. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  5944. bn
  5945. 1.17034 0. 32 0.11703 0.(The Tool class implements many of the operations that are performed in a canvas.  Tool)awidthshow
  5946. 357 81 gm
  5947. 0.42541 0. 32 0.04254 0.(behaves very much like a controller, in that it performs operations depending on user inputs)awidthshow
  5948. 381 81 gm
  5949. 0.49713 0. 32 0.04971 0.(such as mouse clicks, menu selections and keyboard input.  Tool, however, is not the MVC)awidthshow
  5950. 405 81 gm
  5951. -0.03742 0.(controller in a canvas.  The actions of a Tool are managed by a CanvasController, which is the)ashow
  5952. 429 81 gm
  5953. -0.08847 0.(controller in a canvas.)ashow
  5954. 465 81 gm
  5955. 0.34103 0. 32 0.03410 0.(CanvasController is the MVC controller for a canvas.  CanvasController is really an adaptor)awidthshow
  5956. 489 81 gm
  5957. 0.48828 0. 32 0.04882 0.(that allows a consistent interface for Tools and also provides an interface for Tools to share)awidthshow
  5958. 513 81 gm
  5959. 0.26123 0. 32 0.02612 0.(information.  ToolController uses Tools to respond to mouse movements and button presses.)awidthshow
  5960. 537 81 gm
  5961. -0.05104 0.(Thus, most of the CanvasController methods implement handling the cursor and menus for the)ashow
  5962. 561 81 gm
  5963. 0.04577 0. 32 0.00457 0.(currently active Tool in its canvas.  When the cursor is in its canvas the CanvasController has)awidthshow
  5964. 585 81 gm
  5965. 0.92971 0. 32 0.09297 0.(control, and it converts most of the cursor, mouse, and menu actions into messages to the)awidthshow
  5966. 609 81 gm
  5967. -0.05303 0.(current Tool.)ashow
  5968. F T cp
  5969. %%Page: ? 35
  5970. op
  5971. 32 30 xl
  5972. 1 1 pen
  5973. 735 300 gm
  5974. (nc 32 30 762 582 6 rc)kp
  5975. 1 setTxMode
  5976. 0 fs
  5977. 12 fz
  5978. bu fc
  5979. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  5980. bn
  5981. (31)show
  5982. 104 201 gm
  5983. 1 fs
  5984. 14 fz
  5985. bu fc
  5986. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  5987. bn
  5988. 3.28475 0. 32 0.32847 0.(Chapter 4.)awidthshow
  5989. 104 309 gm
  5990. 0.41275 0.(Implementation)ashow
  5991. 141 81 gm
  5992. 12 fz
  5993. bu fc
  5994. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  5995. bn
  5996. 1.99996 0.(4.1.)ashow
  5997. 141 117 gm
  5998. 0.80094 0.(Foible)ashow
  5999. 177 81 gm
  6000. 0 fs
  6001. bu fc
  6002. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  6003. bn
  6004. 0.3125 0. 32 0.03125 0.(Foible is the abstract class of the two main components of a FOIBLE application, boxes and)awidthshow
  6005. 201 81 gm
  6006. 0.27359 0. 32 0.02735 0.(links.  A Foible has a set of forms that make up its image.  It displays itself by displaying its)awidthshow
  6007. 225 81 gm
  6008. 0.10177 0. 32 0.01017 0.(forms.  The creation of forms is left to subclasses, but Foible implements methods for storing)awidthshow
  6009. 249 81 gm
  6010. -0.08238 0.(and displaying its image.)ashow
  6011. 285 81 gm
  6012. 0.23239 0. 32 0.02323 0.(A Foible stores its forms and the boundingBox of the forms.  The boundingBox of the forms)awidthshow
  6013. 309 81 gm
  6014. -0.09185 0.(is computed and stored the first time that the boundingBox is accessed.  After the boundingBox)ashow
  6015. 333 81 gm
  6016. 1.76467 0. 32 0.17646 0.(has been computed, the stored value is used until the image is modified in some way.)awidthshow
  6017. 357 81 gm
  6018. 0.36880 0. 32 0.03688 0.(Changing a Foible's image or location invalidates the stored boundingBox.  Thus, it is set to)awidthshow
  6019. 381 81 gm
  6020. 1.21063 0. 32 0.12106 0.(nil, and the next time the Foible is sent the )awidthshow
  6021. 2 fs
  6022. bu fc
  6023. {}mark T /Times-Italic /|______Times-Italic 0 rf
  6024. bn
  6025. bu fc
  6026. 2 F /|______Times-Italic fnt
  6027. bn
  6028. 0.49681 0.(boundingBox)ashow
  6029. 0 fs
  6030. bu fc
  6031. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  6032. bn
  6033. 1.83105 0. 32 0.18310 0.( message, the boundingBox is)awidthshow
  6034. 405 81 gm
  6035. 0.61340 0. 32 0.06134 0.(recalculated and stored again.  Storing the boundingBox saves the time of recalculating the)awidthshow
  6036. 429 81 gm
  6037. 0.10116 0. 32 0.01011 0.(boundingBox each time that it is needed.  This is especially important for a FoibleLink, since)awidthshow
  6038. 453 81 gm
  6039. -0.06181 0.(its image may consist of a number of forms.)ashow
  6040. 489 81 gm
  6041. 1.81228 0. 32 0.18122 0.(Most visual programming systems provide direct manipulation of the program.  Direct)awidthshow
  6042. 513 81 gm
  6043. 0.28152 0. 32 0.02815 0.(manipulation allows the user to interactively create and edit the visual program.  In FOIBLE)awidthshow
  6044. 537 81 gm
  6045. 0.24291 0. 32 0.02429 0.(applications, users can interactively move the boxes and links in a canvas, as well as edit the)awidthshow
  6046. 561 81 gm
  6047. 0.02807 0. 32 0.00280 0.(image of the links.  Most of the interaction relies on the use of a mouse and a cursor, which is)awidthshow
  6048. 585 81 gm
  6049. -0.06770 0.(used to point to a particular object or area on the screen.  In a system like this, it is important to)ashow
  6050. 609 81 gm
  6051. -0.02287 0.(be able to determine when the cursor is pointing to a particular object, and Foible has protocol)ashow
  6052. 633 81 gm
  6053. -0.09126 0.(for determining if the cursor is pointing to its image.)ashow
  6054. 669 81 gm
  6055. -0.11930 0.(Foible access protocol:)ashow
  6056. 693 81 gm
  6057. 1 fs
  6058. bu fc
  6059. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  6060. bn
  6061. 3.56277 0. 32 0.35627 0.(containsPoint: aPoint)awidthshow
  6062. 693 261 gm
  6063. 0 fs
  6064. bu fc
  6065. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  6066. bn
  6067. -0.09666 0.(return true if any of my forms contain aPoint)ashow
  6068. F T cp
  6069. %%Page: ? 36
  6070. op
  6071. 32 30 xl
  6072. 1 1 pen
  6073. 735 300 gm
  6074. (nc 32 30 762 582 6 rc)kp
  6075. 1 setTxMode
  6076. 0 fs
  6077. 12 fz
  6078. bu fc
  6079. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  6080. bn
  6081. (32)show
  6082. 93 81 gm
  6083. 0.70434 0. 32 0.07043 0.(There are a number of messages that any component of a visual program must understand.)awidthshow
  6084. 117 81 gm
  6085. 2.02423 0. 32 0.20242 0.(Foible declares some methods that are left to be implemented by its subclasses.  The)awidthshow
  6086. 141 81 gm
  6087. 0.91720 0. 32 0.09172 0.(implementation of these methods may vary in the particular system being implemented or)awidthshow
  6088. 165 81 gm
  6089. 0.61630 0. 32 0.06163 0.(between each type of Foible, so the developer of a system may have to implement some of)awidthshow
  6090. 189 81 gm
  6091. -0.10511 0.(these methods.  These are the methods that define the semantics of an application.)ashow
  6092. 225 81 gm
  6093. 1.07315 0. 32 0.10731 0.(Some Foible methods are left to be implemented in subclasses because of the differences)awidthshow
  6094. 249 81 gm
  6095. 0.12359 0. 32 0.01235 0.(between boxes and links.  Each Foible has a name, but a box is assigned a name, while a link)awidthshow
  6096. 273 81 gm
  6097. 1.54159 0. 32 0.15415 0.(calculates its name.  Most Foibles can be removed from the system, but when a box is)awidthshow
  6098. 297 81 gm
  6099. -0.08334 0.(removed, the links connected to it must also be removed.)ashow
  6100. 333 81 gm
  6101. 0.05065 0. 32 0.00506 0.(Foibles must also understand interface messages.  A Tool sends interface messages when it is)awidthshow
  6102. 357 81 gm
  6103. 0.44677 0. 32 0.04467 0.(performing an operation on a Foible.  For example, a Tool that is creating a link looks for a)awidthshow
  6104. 381 81 gm
  6105. 1.11404 0. 32 0.11140 0.(box that can give an output link.  When it selects a Foible, it sends the )awidthshow
  6106. 2 fs
  6107. bu fc
  6108. 2 F /|______Times-Italic fnt
  6109. bn
  6110. 0.43165 0.(givesDataLinks:)ashow
  6111. 405 81 gm
  6112. 0 fs
  6113. bu fc
  6114. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  6115. bn
  6116. -0.08462 0.(message to the Foible to determine if it can give an output link at the specified point.  Although)ashow
  6117. 429 81 gm
  6118. 0.00427 0. 32 0.00042 0.(it may not seem intuitive, a FoibleLink must also be able to respond to this message, in case a)awidthshow
  6119. 453 81 gm
  6120. 0.84503 0. 32 0.08450 0.(user attempts to add a link to a FoibleLink.  Other interface methods that all Foibles must)awidthshow
  6121. 477 81 gm
  6122. -0.04869 0.(understand include determining if a Foible can be moved, copied, or deleted.  All Foibles must)ashow
  6123. 501 81 gm
  6124. -0.02638 0.(also be able to calculate and send a value.  It is impossible to implement generic value passing)ashow
  6125. 525 81 gm
  6126. -0.02268 0.(protocol, so it is also left to subclasses.)ashow
  6127. 561 81 gm
  6128. -0.10295 0.(Foible protocol for access \(the default is true for all of these methods\):)ashow
  6129. 585 81 gm
  6130. 1 fs
  6131. bu fc
  6132. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  6133. bn
  6134. 0.60079 0.(canBeCopied)ashow
  6135. 585 225 gm
  6136. 0 fs
  6137. bu fc
  6138. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  6139. bn
  6140. -0.05393 0.(return whether or not I can be copied at a user's request)ashow
  6141. 609 81 gm
  6142. 1 fs
  6143. bu fc
  6144. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  6145. bn
  6146. 0.54846 0.(canBeDeleted)ashow
  6147. 609 225 gm
  6148. 0 fs
  6149. bu fc
  6150. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  6151. bn
  6152. -0.06455 0.(return whether or not I can be deleted at a user's request)ashow
  6153. 633 81 gm
  6154. 1 fs
  6155. bu fc
  6156. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  6157. bn
  6158. 0.49220 0.(canMoveIndependently)ashow
  6159. 633 225 gm
  6160. 0 fs
  6161. bu fc
  6162. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  6163. bn
  6164. -0.04895 0.(return whether or not I can be moved at a user's request)ashow
  6165. 657 81 gm
  6166. 1 fs
  6167. bu fc
  6168. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  6169. bn
  6170. 0.51170 0.(canMoveDependently)ashow
  6171. 657 225 gm
  6172. 0 fs
  6173. bu fc
  6174. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  6175. bn
  6176. -0.08547 0.(return whether or not I can be moved when I am inside of a)ashow
  6177. 675 225 gm
  6178. -0.13198 0.(complex box)ashow
  6179. F T cp
  6180. %%Page: ? 37
  6181. op
  6182. 32 30 xl
  6183. 1 1 pen
  6184. 735 300 gm
  6185. (nc 32 30 762 582 6 rc)kp
  6186. 1 setTxMode
  6187. 0 fs
  6188. 12 fz
  6189. bu fc
  6190. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  6191. bn
  6192. (33)show
  6193. 93 81 gm
  6194. -0.08222 0.(Foible subclass protocol:)ashow
  6195. 117 81 gm
  6196. 1 fs
  6197. bu fc
  6198. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  6199. bn
  6200. 3.14132 0. 32 0.31413 0.(acceptsDataLinks: aPoint)awidthshow
  6201. 117 261 gm
  6202. 0 fs
  6203. bu fc
  6204. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  6205. bn
  6206. -0.12225 0.(return whether I can have an incoming link at aPoint)ashow
  6207. 141 81 gm
  6208. 1 fs
  6209. bu fc
  6210. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  6211. bn
  6212. 3.66088 0. 32 0.36608 0.(givesDataLinks: aPoint)awidthshow
  6213. 141 261 gm
  6214. 0 fs
  6215. bu fc
  6216. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  6217. bn
  6218. -0.10931 0.(return whether I can have an outgoing link at aPoint)ashow
  6219. 165 81 gm
  6220. 1 fs
  6221. bu fc
  6222. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  6223. bn
  6224. 3.68881 0. 32 0.36888 0.(connectedTo: aFoible)awidthshow
  6225. 165 261 gm
  6226. 0 fs
  6227. bu fc
  6228. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  6229. bn
  6230. -0.11375 0.(return whether or not I am connected to aFoible)ashow
  6231. 189 81 gm
  6232. 1 fs
  6233. bu fc
  6234. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  6235. bn
  6236. 2.23449 0. 32 0.22344 0.(name, name: aName)awidthshow
  6237. 189 261 gm
  6238. 0 fs
  6239. bu fc
  6240. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  6241. bn
  6242. -0.14199 0.(variable access protocol)ashow
  6243. 213 81 gm
  6244. 1 fs
  6245. bu fc
  6246. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  6247. bn
  6248. 0.66726 0.(value)ashow
  6249. 213 261 gm
  6250. 0 fs
  6251. bu fc
  6252. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  6253. bn
  6254. -0.14050 0.(return my value)ashow
  6255. 237 81 gm
  6256. 1 fs
  6257. bu fc
  6258. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  6259. bn
  6260. 0.60571 0.(remove)ashow
  6261. 237 261 gm
  6262. 0 fs
  6263. bu fc
  6264. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  6265. bn
  6266. -0.10507 0.(remove myself from the system)ashow
  6267. 291 81 gm
  6268. -0.03106 0.(Foible is a subclass of DisplayObject, so all Foibles know how to display themselves.  Several)ashow
  6269. 315 81 gm
  6270. -0.10569 0.(of the standard display methods are reimplemented in Foible.)ashow
  6271. 351 81 gm
  6272. -0.15750 0.(Foible image protocol:)ashow
  6273. 375 81 gm
  6274. 1 fs
  6275. bu fc
  6276. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  6277. bn
  6278. 0.73077 0.(boundingBox)ashow
  6279. 375 225 gm
  6280. 0 fs
  6281. bu fc
  6282. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  6283. bn
  6284. -0.09678 0.(return the boundingBox that contains all of my forms)ashow
  6285. 399 81 gm
  6286. 1 fs
  6287. bu fc
  6288. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  6289. bn
  6290. 1.86431 0. 32 0.18643 0.(displayOn: at: )awidthshow
  6291. 399 225 gm
  6292. 0 fs
  6293. bu fc
  6294. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  6295. bn
  6296. -0.06552 0.(display my forms)ashow
  6297. 417 81 gm
  6298. 0.26550 0. 32 0.02655 0.( )awidthshow
  6299. 1 fs
  6300. bu fc
  6301. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  6302. bn
  6303. 2.88284 0. 32 0.28828 0.(clippingBox: rule: mask:)awidthshow
  6304. 453 81 gm
  6305. 0 fs
  6306. bu fc
  6307. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  6308. bn
  6309. 0.07354 0. 32 0.00735 0.(Foible also has one class instance variable, which is used to store the image for each concrete)awidthshow
  6310. 477 81 gm
  6311. -0.04557 0.(subclass of Foible.  This allows each subclass of Foible to have a unique icon.)ashow
  6312. 513 81 gm
  6313. -0.09182 0.(The class variable that stores the icon is initialized the first time that the variable is accessed.  If)ashow
  6314. 537 81 gm
  6315. 1.43356 0. 32 0.14335 0.(the variable has been initialized then the variable is simply returned.  If it has not been)awidthshow
  6316. 561 81 gm
  6317. -0.11447 0.(initialized then the form is retrieved, and the variable is set.)ashow
  6318. 621 81 gm
  6319. 1 fs
  6320. bu fc
  6321. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  6322. bn
  6323. 1.79997 0.(4.1.1.)ashow
  6324. 621 153 gm
  6325. 0.90080 0.(FoibleBoxes)ashow
  6326. 657 81 gm
  6327. 0 fs
  6328. bu fc
  6329. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  6330. bn
  6331. 0.52398 0. 32 0.05239 0.(FoibleBox is the abstract class for all boxes in the FOIBLE system.  A FoibleBox stores its)awidthshow
  6332. 681 81 gm
  6333. 1.38610 0. 32 0.13861 0.(name and location on the screen.  Each box has a name that uniquely identifies it in an)awidthshow
  6334. F T cp
  6335. %%Page: ? 38
  6336. op
  6337. 32 30 xl
  6338. 1 1 pen
  6339. 735 300 gm
  6340. (nc 32 30 762 582 6 rc)kp
  6341. 1 setTxMode
  6342. 0 fs
  6343. 12 fz
  6344. bu fc
  6345. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  6346. bn
  6347. (34)show
  6348. 93 81 gm
  6349. 0.89813 0. 32 0.08981 0.(application.  Its name is assigned when the box is created.  Each box also has a form that)awidthshow
  6350. 117 81 gm
  6351. -0.04972 0.(represents the box on the screen.)ashow
  6352. 153 81 gm
  6353. -0.08752 0.(FoibleBox implements some important access protocol.  The )ashow
  6354. 2 fs
  6355. bu fc
  6356. 2 F /|______Times-Italic fnt
  6357. bn
  6358. -0.07800 0.(links)ashow
  6359. 0 fs
  6360. bu fc
  6361. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  6362. bn
  6363. -0.08326 0.( method returns the links that)ashow
  6364. 177 81 gm
  6365. 0.09109 0. 32 0.00910 0.(are connected to a box.  A box sends its value to its output links, and when a box is moved, it)awidthshow
  6366. 201 81 gm
  6367. 1.09329 0. 32 0.10932 0.(has to inform all of its links.  A FoibleBox can also determine the FoibleManager that is)awidthshow
  6368. 225 81 gm
  6369. -0.00526 0.(responsible for it.  This is useful when operations are performed on a box, since operations on)ashow
  6370. 249 81 gm
  6371. 0.76614 0. 32 0.07661 0.(a Foible like moving and deleting must inform the Foible's FoibleManager of the changes.)awidthshow
  6372. 273 81 gm
  6373. 1.52236 0. 32 0.15223 0.(Knowing a box's manager also makes it possible to determine if a Foible is inside of a)awidthshow
  6374. 297 81 gm
  6375. 0.03675 0.(FoibleBox.)ashow
  6376. 333 81 gm
  6377. -0.10516 0.(FoibleBox access protocol:)ashow
  6378. 357 81 gm
  6379. 1 fs
  6380. bu fc
  6381. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  6382. bn
  6383. 0.83082 0.(links)ashow
  6384. 357 225 gm
  6385. 0 fs
  6386. bu fc
  6387. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  6388. bn
  6389. -0.12968 0.(return an OrderedCollection of my links)ashow
  6390. 381 81 gm
  6391. 1 fs
  6392. bu fc
  6393. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  6394. bn
  6395. 2.54150 0. 32 0.25415 0.(inside: aManager)awidthshow
  6396. 381 225 gm
  6397. 0 fs
  6398. bu fc
  6399. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  6400. bn
  6401. -0.16697 0.(determine if I am directly or indirectly managed by aManager)ashow
  6402. 405 81 gm
  6403. 1 fs
  6404. bu fc
  6405. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  6406. bn
  6407. 4.13696 0. 32 0.41369 0.(linkedTo: aFoibleBox)awidthshow
  6408. 405 225 gm
  6409. 0 fs
  6410. bu fc
  6411. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  6412. bn
  6413. -0.09548 0.(return whether or not I have a link to aFoibleBox)ashow
  6414. 441 81 gm
  6415. 0.57846 0. 32 0.05784 0.(The concept of a Foible being inside a FoibleBox, referred to as a complex box, introduces)awidthshow
  6416. 465 81 gm
  6417. 1.45553 0. 32 0.14555 0.(some new terminology.  A complex box is a FoibleBox that can contain Foibles.  Each)awidthshow
  6418. 489 81 gm
  6419. 0.61035 0. 32 0.06103 0.(complex box has a FoibleManager, referred to as its companion manager, that manages the)awidthshow
  6420. 513 81 gm
  6421. 0.62240 0. 32 0.06224 0.(Foibles inside of it.  When a complex box changes its image, it must inform its companion)awidthshow
  6422. 537 81 gm
  6423. 0.12298 0. 32 0.01229 0.(manager.  When a complex box receives messages such as displaying, moving, or deleting, it)awidthshow
  6424. 561 81 gm
  6425. 0.55633 0. 32 0.05563 0.(performs any necessary operations and then sends an appropriate message to its companion)awidthshow
  6426. 585 81 gm
  6427. 0.41168 0. 32 0.04116 0.(manager.  A complex box is the only type of FoibleBox that has a companion manager, and)awidthshow
  6428. 609 81 gm
  6429. -0.07960 0.(thus is the only type of FoibleBox that needs to store the manager.)ashow
  6430. 645 81 gm
  6431. 0.21316 0. 32 0.02131 0.(All FoibleBoxes have the complex box protocol and an instance variable that is used to store)awidthshow
  6432. 669 81 gm
  6433. 0.26473 0. 32 0.02647 0.(the companion manager of a complex box.  Boxes that are not complex boxes do not use the)awidthshow
  6434. 693 81 gm
  6435. 0.53848 0. 32 0.05384 0.(variable, and several of the FoibleBox methods have to deal with complex boxes as well as)awidthshow
  6436. F T cp
  6437. %%Page: ? 39
  6438. op
  6439. 32 30 xl
  6440. 1 1 pen
  6441. 735 300 gm
  6442. (nc 32 30 762 582 6 rc)kp
  6443. 1 setTxMode
  6444. 0 fs
  6445. 12 fz
  6446. bu fc
  6447. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  6448. bn
  6449. (35)show
  6450. 93 81 gm
  6451. 2.39868 0. 32 0.23986 0.(regular FoibleBoxes.  This is done by checking whether "self manager" is nil.  The)awidthshow
  6452. 117 81 gm
  6453. 2 fs
  6454. bu fc
  6455. 2 F /|______Times-Italic fnt
  6456. bn
  6457. 0.24732 0.(moveFoiblesBy:)ashow
  6458. 0 fs
  6459. bu fc
  6460. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  6461. bn
  6462. 0.77987 0. 32 0.07798 0.( method is one of the methods that has to handle regular FoibleBoxes and)awidthshow
  6463. 141 81 gm
  6464. -0.02413 0.(complex boxes.)ashow
  6465. 177 81 gm
  6466. -0.09118 0.(FoibleBox protocol for moving:)ashow
  6467. 214 81 gm
  6468. bu fc
  6469. {}mark T /Courier /|______Courier 0 rf
  6470. bn
  6471. bu fc
  6472. 2 F /|______Courier fnt
  6473. bn
  6474. -0.20816 0.(moveFoiblesBy: aPoint)ashow
  6475. 244 81 gm
  6476. -0.21350 0.(| aRectangle |)ashow
  6477. 262 81 gm
  6478. -0.20486 0.(aRectangle <- self boundingBox.)ashow
  6479. 280 81 gm
  6480. -0.21350 0.(self links do:)ashow
  6481. 298 99 gm
  6482. -0.22303 0.([:aLink |)ashow
  6483. 316 117 gm
  6484. -0.20687 0.(aRectangle <- aRectangle)ashow
  6485. 334 225 gm
  6486. -0.20321 0.(merge:\(aLink boxMoved: self by: aPoint\)].)ashow
  6487. 352 81 gm
  6488. -0.20927 0.(self manager notNil)ashow
  6489. 370 99 gm
  6490. -0.23129 0.(ifTrue:)ashow
  6491. 388 117 gm
  6492. -0.20651 0.([aRectangle <- aRectangle)ashow
  6493. 406 225 gm
  6494. -0.20333 0.(merge:\(self manager moveAllBy: aPoint\)].)ashow
  6495. 424 81 gm
  6496. -0.21807 0.(^aRectangle)ashow
  6497. 477 81 gm
  6498. bu fc
  6499. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  6500. bn
  6501. -0.03088 0.(In addition to moving, FoibleBox also has protocol for removing itself, as well as adding links)ashow
  6502. 501 81 gm
  6503. -0.06942 0.(to and removing links from itself.)ashow
  6504. 537 81 gm
  6505. -0.09561 0.(FoibleBox protocol for removing:)ashow
  6506. 561 81 gm
  6507. 1 fs
  6508. bu fc
  6509. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  6510. bn
  6511. 0.60571 0.(remove)ashow
  6512. 561 225 gm
  6513. 0 fs
  6514. bu fc
  6515. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  6516. bn
  6517. -0.12507 0.(remove myself and any links connected to me)ashow
  6518. 597 81 gm
  6519. -0.08258 0.(FoibleBox protocol for links:)ashow
  6520. 621 81 gm
  6521. 1 fs
  6522. bu fc
  6523. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  6524. bn
  6525. 1.87194 0. 32 0.18719 0.(addLink: aLink)awidthshow
  6526. 621 225 gm
  6527. 0 fs
  6528. bu fc
  6529. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  6530. bn
  6531. -0.14961 0.(connect myself to aLink)ashow
  6532. 645 81 gm
  6533. 1 fs
  6534. bu fc
  6535. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  6536. bn
  6537. 2.56759 0. 32 0.25675 0.(removeLink: aLink)awidthshow
  6538. 645 225 gm
  6539. 0 fs
  6540. bu fc
  6541. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  6542. bn
  6543. -0.12141 0.(disconnect myself from aLink)ashow
  6544. F T cp
  6545. %%Page: ? 40
  6546. op
  6547. 32 30 xl
  6548. 1 1 pen
  6549. 735 300 gm
  6550. (nc 32 30 762 582 6 rc)kp
  6551. 1 setTxMode
  6552. 0 fs
  6553. 12 fz
  6554. bu fc
  6555. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  6556. bn
  6557. (36)show
  6558. 93 81 gm
  6559. 0.05844 0. 32 0.00584 0.(There are two subclasses of FoibleBox, BoxWithDirectLinks and BoxWithPorts.  They differ)awidthshow
  6560. 117 81 gm
  6561. 0.22064 0. 32 0.02206 0.(in the way that boxes are connected to links.  A BoxWithPorts uses ports to connect to links,)awidthshow
  6562. 141 81 gm
  6563. -0.12423 0.(while a BoxWithDirectLinks is directly connected to its links.)ashow
  6564. 177 81 gm
  6565. -0.03863 0.(Ports were added during the first redesign of FOIBLE, in conjunction with the development of)ashow
  6566. 201 81 gm
  6567. 0.71197 0. 32 0.07119 0.(FlowKit [Scae88].  All of the boxes in FlowKit had a predetermined number of inputs and)awidthshow
  6568. 225 81 gm
  6569. 0.55297 0. 32 0.05529 0.(outputs, and as a result, ports were created to control the number of inputs and outputs of a)awidthshow
  6570. 249 81 gm
  6571. 0.42572 0. 32 0.04257 0.(box.  Each box created its input and output ports when it was was created.  Links were then)awidthshow
  6572. 273 81 gm
  6573. -0.08535 0.(connected to the ports on a box.  Each port could be connected to only one link at a time, so the)ashow
  6574. 297 81 gm
  6575. -0.07969 0.(ports actually controlled which links were allowed to connect to a box, and which were not.)ashow
  6576. 333 81 gm
  6577. 0.77835 0. 32 0.07783 0.(Using ports on boxes can be useful, in some situations.  In the applications that have been)awidthshow
  6578. 357 81 gm
  6579. 1.24572 0. 32 0.12457 0.(developed with FOIBLE, many operations that boxes perform have a specific number of)awidthshow
  6580. 381 81 gm
  6581. 0.03158 0. 32 0.00315 0.(operands, and ports are a useful method for controlling the inputs to, and outputs from, a box.)awidthshow
  6582. 405 81 gm
  6583. 0.22552 0. 32 0.02255 0.(It is difficult, however, to handle an operation in which the number of operands is unlimited,)awidthshow
  6584. 429 81 gm
  6585. 0.50796 0. 32 0.05079 0.(or unknown and so, ports are not always desirable.  An example of such an operation is the)awidthshow
  6586. 453 81 gm
  6587. -0.11836 0.(maximum of an unlimited set of numbers.  The first visual programming language implemented)ashow
  6588. 477 81 gm
  6589. 0.41732 0. 32 0.04173 0.(with FOIBLE, System Dynamics Environment \(SDE\), did not use ports.  SDE implemented)awidthshow
  6590. 501 81 gm
  6591. 0.05401 0. 32 0.00540 0.(link controlling in the box protocol.  The box protocol is much simpler now that boxes do not)awidthshow
  6592. 525 81 gm
  6593. -0.10043 0.(have to control the link connections.)ashow
  6594. 561 81 gm
  6595. 0.86624 0. 32 0.08662 0.(Since the current users of FOIBLE are divided between wanting and not wanting ports on)awidthshow
  6596. 585 81 gm
  6597. 0.14617 0. 32 0.01461 0.(boxes, the solution was to have both.  As a result, there are now two ways to connect links to)awidthshow
  6598. 609 81 gm
  6599. 4.63073 0. 32 0.46307 0.(boxes, which are realized in two subclasses of FoibleBox, BoxWithPorts and)awidthshow
  6600. 633 81 gm
  6601. 2.12112 0. 32 0.21211 0.(BoxWithDirectLinks.  A BoxWithPorts has inputPorts and outputPorts to control link)awidthshow
  6602. 657 81 gm
  6603. 0.76461 0. 32 0.07646 0.(connections. A BoxWithDirectLinks does not use ports at all, so the box must control link)awidthshow
  6604. 681 81 gm
  6605. -0.07231 0.(connections itself.)ashow
  6606. F T cp
  6607. %%Page: ? 41
  6608. op
  6609. 32 30 xl
  6610. 1 1 pen
  6611. 735 300 gm
  6612. (nc 32 30 762 582 6 rc)kp
  6613. 1 setTxMode
  6614. 0 fs
  6615. 12 fz
  6616. bu fc
  6617. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  6618. bn
  6619. (37)show
  6620. 93 81 gm
  6621. 0.13900 0. 32 0.01390 0.(A BoxWithPorts stores its inputPorts and outputPorts.  A BoxWithPort's outputPort can have)awidthshow
  6622. 117 81 gm
  6623. -0.06419 0.(any number of outgoing links, while its inputPorts can each have only one incoming link.  Any)ashow
  6624. 141 81 gm
  6625. -0.09283 0.(subclass of BoxWithPorts must initialize the number of ports that it will have.)ashow
  6626. 177 81 gm
  6627. -0.07936 0.(BoxWithPorts protocol for port access:)ashow
  6628. 201 81 gm
  6629. 1 fs
  6630. bu fc
  6631. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  6632. bn
  6633. 2.81753 0. 32 0.28175 0.(inputs: numInputs)awidthshow
  6634. 201 225 gm
  6635. 0 fs
  6636. bu fc
  6637. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  6638. bn
  6639. -0.12539 0.(initialize myself to have the number of input ports specified by)ashow
  6640. 219 225 gm
  6641. -0.07055 0.(numInputs and one output port)ashow
  6642. 243 81 gm
  6643. 1 fs
  6644. bu fc
  6645. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  6646. bn
  6647. 2.50228 0. 32 0.25022 0.(outputs: numOutputs)awidthshow
  6648. 243 225 gm
  6649. 0 fs
  6650. bu fc
  6651. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  6652. bn
  6653. -0.12339 0.(initialize myself to have the number of output ports specified by)ashow
  6654. 261 225 gm
  6655. -0.08283 0.(numOutputs and no input ports)ashow
  6656. 285 81 gm
  6657. 1 fs
  6658. bu fc
  6659. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  6660. bn
  6661. 2.24990 0. 32 0.22499 0.(inputs: numInputs )awidthshow
  6662. 285 225 gm
  6663. 0 fs
  6664. bu fc
  6665. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  6666. bn
  6667. -0.13055 0.(initialize myself to have the number of inputs specified by)ashow
  6668. 303 81 gm
  6669. 0.16326 0. 32 0.01632 0.(  )awidthshow
  6670. 1 fs
  6671. bu fc
  6672. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  6673. bn
  6674. 2.37350 0. 32 0.23735 0.(outputs: numOutputs)awidthshow
  6675. 303 225 gm
  6676. 0 fs
  6677. bu fc
  6678. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  6679. bn
  6680. -0.08508 0.(numInputs and the number of outputs specified by numOutputs)ashow
  6681. 351 81 gm
  6682. -0.01339 0.(A BoxWithDirectLinks stores its links.  BoxWithPorts did not need the links variable because)ashow
  6683. 375 81 gm
  6684. -0.01362 0.(ports know their links, so when a BoxWithPorts needs to know its links, it can ask its ports.)ashow
  6685. 411 81 gm
  6686. 0.97045 0. 32 0.09704 0.(The boxes in an application are subclasses of BoxWithPorts and BoxWithDirectLinks.  A)awidthshow
  6687. 435 81 gm
  6688. 0.45730 0. 32 0.04573 0.(box's type is not only transparent to the user, except in a system that displays the ports, it is)awidthshow
  6689. 459 81 gm
  6690. -0.08818 0.(also transparent to the entire system.)ashow
  6691. 519 81 gm
  6692. 1 fs
  6693. bu fc
  6694. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  6695. bn
  6696. 1.79997 0.(4.1.2.)ashow
  6697. 519 153 gm
  6698. 5.04898 0. 32 0.50489 0.(FoibleLinks, FoibleLines)awidthshow
  6699. 555 81 gm
  6700. 0 fs
  6701. bu fc
  6702. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  6703. bn
  6704. 0.04837 0. 32 0.00483 0.(FoibleLink is the class for the link elements of visual programming systems.  FoibleLinks are)awidthshow
  6705. 579 81 gm
  6706. -0.06765 0.(used to transfer information between FoibleBoxes.)ashow
  6707. 615 81 gm
  6708. -0.02639 0.(When a box has a value to send, it sends it to its outgoing links.  When a link receives a value,)ashow
  6709. 639 81 gm
  6710. -0.02299 0.(it sends it to its destination box.  The specific timing of when values are sent through a system)ashow
  6711. 663 81 gm
  6712. -0.15837 0.(must be implemented specifically in each application.)ashow
  6713. F T cp
  6714. %%Page: ? 42
  6715. op
  6716. 32 30 xl
  6717. 1 1 pen
  6718. 735 300 gm
  6719. (nc 32 30 762 582 6 rc)kp
  6720. 1 setTxMode
  6721. 0 fs
  6722. 12 fz
  6723. bu fc
  6724. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  6725. bn
  6726. (38)show
  6727. 93 81 gm
  6728. -0.06900 0.(FoibleLinks have protocol for storing and displaying their image.  A FoibleLink stores its path,)ashow
  6729. 117 81 gm
  6730. -0.08081 0.(which consists of an ordered collection of a special class of lines, FoibleLines.  A FoibleLine is)ashow
  6731. 141 81 gm
  6732. 0.36087 0. 32 0.03608 0.(a special type of displayObject that knows how to display and erase itself as a line, which is)awidthshow
  6733. 165 81 gm
  6734. 0.43441 0. 32 0.04344 0.(useful when creating or modifying a link, and as a form, which is useful when a FoibleLink)awidthshow
  6735. 189 81 gm
  6736. -0.02108 0.(displays itself.)ashow
  6737. 225 81 gm
  6738. 0.32287 0. 32 0.03228 0.(The form that FoibleLinks use to display their image is a special type of form, InfiniteForm.)awidthshow
  6739. 249 81 gm
  6740. 0.54031 0. 32 0.05403 0.(An InfiniteForm has a pattern which it repeats to give itself the proper size.  There are four)awidthshow
  6741. 273 81 gm
  6742. -0.01951 0.(class variables in which FoibleLinks store the InfiniteForms that are used to display its image:)ashow
  6743. 297 81 gm
  6744. 0.03326 0. 32 0.00332 0.(north, south, east and west.  Each variable has the image facing in the specified direction, and)awidthshow
  6745. 321 81 gm
  6746. -0.08187 0.(there are no diagonal links in FOIBLE.  The image of a link is used to display the direction that)ashow
  6747. 345 81 gm
  6748. 1.31347 0. 32 0.13134 0.(information is passed in the system, so it is important that the image have some type of)awidthshow
  6749. 369 81 gm
  6750. -0.14109 0.(directionality.)ashow
  6751. 405 81 gm
  6752. -0.12574 0.(FoibleLink class protocol for instance creation:)ashow
  6753. 429 81 gm
  6754. 1 fs
  6755. bu fc
  6756. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  6757. bn
  6758. 2.34695 0. 32 0.23469 0.(from: source to: dest)awidthshow
  6759. 429 225 gm
  6760. 0 fs
  6761. bu fc
  6762. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  6763. bn
  6764. -0.10682 0.(create a new Link from source to dest with path aPath)ashow
  6765. 447 81 gm
  6766. 1 fs
  6767. bu fc
  6768. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  6769. bn
  6770. 1.59942 0. 32 0.15994 0.(  withPath: aPath)awidthshow
  6771. 483 81 gm
  6772. 0 fs
  6773. bu fc
  6774. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  6775. bn
  6776. 0.01342 0. 32 0.00134 0.(A FoibleLink's path consists of a set of FoibleLines.  There are four subclasses of FoibleLine,)awidthshow
  6777. 507 81 gm
  6778. 0.48217 0. 32 0.04821 0.(NorthLine, SouthLine, EastLine, and WestLine, corresponding to the directions that a link's)awidthshow
  6779. 531 81 gm
  6780. 0.28289 0. 32 0.02828 0.(path can have.  FoibleLines are created by sending the class method )awidthshow
  6781. 2 fs
  6782. bu fc
  6783. 2 F /|______Times-Italic fnt
  6784. bn
  6785. 0.36590 0. 32 0.03659 0.(from: to:)awidthshow
  6786. 0 fs
  6787. bu fc
  6788. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  6789. bn
  6790. 0.33767 0. 32 0.03376 0.( to FoibleLine.)awidthshow
  6791. 555 81 gm
  6792. -0.11373 0.(FoibleLine determines the direction of the line, and returns the appropriate instance of one of its)ashow
  6793. 579 81 gm
  6794. 0.10194 0.(subclasses.)ashow
  6795. 615 81 gm
  6796. 0.07156 0. 32 0.00715 0.(A FoibleLink stores its source and its destination, which may be one of two different types of)awidthshow
  6797. 639 81 gm
  6798. -0.07759 0.(objects.  If a link is connected to a BoxWithPorts, then the source and/or the destination will be)ashow
  6799. 663 81 gm
  6800. -0.06164 0.(ports. If the box is a BoxWithDirectLinks, then the source and/or the destination will be boxes.)ashow
  6801. 687 81 gm
  6802. 0.76568 0. 32 0.07656 0.(The messages that a FoibleLink sends to its source and destination are understood by both)awidthshow
  6803. F T cp
  6804. %%Page: ? 43
  6805. op
  6806. 32 30 xl
  6807. 1 1 pen
  6808. 735 300 gm
  6809. (nc 32 30 762 582 6 rc)kp
  6810. 1 setTxMode
  6811. 0 fs
  6812. 12 fz
  6813. bu fc
  6814. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  6815. bn
  6816. (39)show
  6817. 93 81 gm
  6818. 1.28295 0. 32 0.12829 0.(FoibleBox and Port, thus making the class of the source and destination transparent to a)awidthshow
  6819. 117 81 gm
  6820. -0.03291 0.(FoibleLink.)ashow
  6821. 153 81 gm
  6822. -0.12574 0.(FoibleLink class protocol for instance creation:)ashow
  6823. 177 81 gm
  6824. 1 fs
  6825. bu fc
  6826. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  6827. bn
  6828. 1.16452 0.(box)ashow
  6829. 177 189 gm
  6830. 0 fs
  6831. bu fc
  6832. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  6833. bn
  6834. -0.07482 0.(return the box of my source)ashow
  6835. 201 81 gm
  6836. 1 fs
  6837. bu fc
  6838. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  6839. bn
  6840. 1.00068 0.(toBox)ashow
  6841. 201 189 gm
  6842. 0 fs
  6843. bu fc
  6844. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  6845. bn
  6846. -0.10609 0.(return the box of my destination)ashow
  6847. 237 81 gm
  6848. 0.81283 0. 32 0.08128 0.(FoibleLink has several methods for modifying the FoibleLines that make up its path.  The)awidthshow
  6849. 261 81 gm
  6850. -0.01673 0.(segments of a FoibleLink may be modified for one of two reasons.  A box that is connected to)ashow
  6851. 285 81 gm
  6852. 0.06240 0. 32 0.00624 0.(the FoibleLink may have moved, or the user may have specifically edited the segments of the)awidthshow
  6853. 309 81 gm
  6854. 0.99822 0. 32 0.09982 0.(FoibleLink.  Tool implements the operations that edit the image of a link, but FoibleLink)awidthshow
  6855. 333 81 gm
  6856. -0.11154 0.(implements modifying its image when a box that it is connected to is moved.)ashow
  6857. 369 81 gm
  6858. -0.11018 0.(FoibleLink protocol for moving:)ashow
  6859. 393 81 gm
  6860. 1 fs
  6861. bu fc
  6862. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  6863. bn
  6864. 2.78091 0. 32 0.27809 0.(boxMoved: aBox by: aPoint)awidthshow
  6865. 393 261 gm
  6866. 0 fs
  6867. bu fc
  6868. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  6869. bn
  6870. -0.06727 0.(one of my boxes moved, fix my image)ashow
  6871. 429 81 gm
  6872. 0.06134 0. 32 0.00613 0.(There are two cases to handle when the box connected to a link is moved.  If the FoibleLink's)awidthshow
  6873. 453 81 gm
  6874. 0.03036 0. 32 0.00303 0.(path consists of only one FoibleLine, then its new path will consist of three FoibleLines, as in)awidthshow
  6875. 477 81 gm
  6876. 1.37039 0. 32 0.13703 0.(Figure 4.1.  If the FoibleLink's path consists of more than one FoibleLine, then the line)awidthshow
  6877. 501 81 gm
  6878. 1.01043 0. 32 0.10104 0.(connected to the box that moved, and the line connected to that line are altered to keep a)awidthshow
  6879. 525 81 gm
  6880. 0.08346 0. 32 0.00834 0.(consistent link, as in Figure 4.2.)awidthshow
  6881. 0 0 gm
  6882. (nc 540 194 666 418 6 rc)kp
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  7021. 699 170 gm
  7022. (nc 32 30 762 582 6 rc)kp
  7023. bu fc
  7024. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  7025. bn
  7026. -0.08245 0.(Figure 4.1  Moving a Box with Link that has a single line)ashow
  7027. F T cp
  7028. %%Page: ? 44
  7029. op
  7030. 32 30 xl
  7031. 1 1 pen
  7032. 735 300 gm
  7033. (nc 32 30 762 582 6 rc)kp
  7034. 1 setTxMode
  7035. 0 fs
  7036. 12 fz
  7037. bu fc
  7038. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  7039. bn
  7040. (40)show
  7041. 0 0 gm
  7042. (nc 108 192 298 419 6 rc)kp
  7043. T 227 97 192 108 30 227 97 T 0 db
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  7145. T 227 95 192 205 30 227 95 T 0 db
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  7224. 040001000800100020004000800100022000000000000000000000000000
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  7226. 04000100020004000800100020004000A000000000000000000000000000
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  7228. 040001000200040008001000200040008000000000000000000000000000
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  7230. 040001000800100020004000800100020000000000000000000000000000
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  7245. 331 155 gm
  7246. (nc 32 30 762 582 6 rc)kp
  7247. bu fc
  7248. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  7249. bn
  7250. -0.08639 0.(Figure 4.2  Moving a Box with Link that has more than one line)ashow
  7251. 367 81 gm
  7252. 1.02920 0. 32 0.10292 0.(One other important method in FoibleLink is the )awidthshow
  7253. 2 fs
  7254. bu fc
  7255. 2 F /|______Times-Italic fnt
  7256. bn
  7257. 0.28303 0.(defaultLineClass)ashow
  7258. 0 fs
  7259. bu fc
  7260. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  7261. bn
  7262. 1.00524 0. 32 0.10052 0.( method.  This method)awidthshow
  7263. 391 81 gm
  7264. 0.67611 0. 32 0.06761 0.(returns the class of FoibleLine that will be used in its path.  This makes it easy to subclass)awidthshow
  7265. 415 81 gm
  7266. -0.11849 0.(FoibleLink and FoibleLine and give each type of link a unique appearance.)ashow
  7267. 451 81 gm
  7268. -0.10934 0.(FoibleLink protocol for accessing:)ashow
  7269. 475 81 gm
  7270. 1 fs
  7271. bu fc
  7272. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  7273. bn
  7274. 0.55639 0.(defaultLineClass)ashow
  7275. 475 225 gm
  7276. 0 fs
  7277. bu fc
  7278. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  7279. bn
  7280. -0.10411 0.(return the class of line to use in my path)ashow
  7281. 547 81 gm
  7282. 1 fs
  7283. bu fc
  7284. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  7285. bn
  7286. 1.99996 0.(4.2.)ashow
  7287. 547 117 gm
  7288. 0.44630 0.(FoibleManager)ashow
  7289. 595 81 gm
  7290. 0 fs
  7291. bu fc
  7292. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  7293. bn
  7294. 0.52597 0. 32 0.05259 0.(A FoibleManager is responsible for a part of the screen in a FOIBLE application and keeps)awidthshow
  7295. 619 81 gm
  7296. 0.12741 0. 32 0.01274 0.(track of the Foibles in that screen area.  It can locate its Foibles that meet certain criteria, and)awidthshow
  7297. 643 81 gm
  7298. 0.01876 0. 32 0.00187 0.(can display some or all of its Foibles.  FoibleManager also has protocol for adding new boxes)awidthshow
  7299. 667 81 gm
  7300. -0.06199 0.(and links to its area.)ashow
  7301. F T cp
  7302. %%Page: ? 45
  7303. op
  7304. 32 30 xl
  7305. 1 1 pen
  7306. 735 300 gm
  7307. (nc 32 30 762 582 6 rc)kp
  7308. 1 setTxMode
  7309. 0 fs
  7310. 12 fz
  7311. bu fc
  7312. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  7313. bn
  7314. (41)show
  7315. 93 81 gm
  7316. -0.12944 0.(FoibleManager protocol for adding:)ashow
  7317. 117 81 gm
  7318. 1 fs
  7319. bu fc
  7320. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  7321. bn
  7322. 3.61999 0. 32 0.36199 0.(addBox: aBlock)awidthshow
  7323. 117 225 gm
  7324. 0 fs
  7325. bu fc
  7326. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  7327. bn
  7328. -0.09651 0.(add a new box  created with aBlock, give the box a unique name)ashow
  7329. 141 81 gm
  7330. 1 fs
  7331. bu fc
  7332. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  7333. bn
  7334. 2.46185 0. 32 0.24618 0.(addLink: aClass from: source)awidthshow
  7335. 141 261 gm
  7336. 0 fs
  7337. bu fc
  7338. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  7339. bn
  7340. -0.08979 0.(create a new link of class aClass from source to)ashow
  7341. 159 81 gm
  7342. 0.22430 0. 32 0.02243 0.(  )awidthshow
  7343. 1 fs
  7344. bu fc
  7345. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  7346. bn
  7347. 1.92825 0. 32 0.19282 0.(to: dest withPath: aPath)awidthshow
  7348. 159 261 gm
  7349. 0 fs
  7350. bu fc
  7351. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  7352. bn
  7353. -0.10397 0.(dest with path aPath)ashow
  7354. 195 81 gm
  7355. 0.35781 0. 32 0.03578 0.(When a new box is added, the method )awidthshow
  7356. 2 fs
  7357. bu fc
  7358. 2 F /|______Times-Italic fnt
  7359. bn
  7360. 0.15484 0.(nameNum)ashow
  7361. 0 fs
  7362. bu fc
  7363. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  7364. bn
  7365. 0.32424 0. 32 0.03242 0.( is used to give a unique name to each new)awidthshow
  7366. 219 81 gm
  7367. -0.07533 0.(box that is created in a FoibleManager's area.)ashow
  7368. 255 81 gm
  7369. -0.00543 0.(When a FoibleManager is sent a display message, it is given an area of the window that needs)ashow
  7370. 279 81 gm
  7371. 0.36849 0. 32 0.03684 0.(to be updated.  This area is the only area in the window that has been modified, so it is only)awidthshow
  7372. 303 81 gm
  7373. 1.03622 0. 32 0.10362 0.(necessary to redisplay the objects that are in this area.  FoibleManager checks each of its)awidthshow
  7374. 327 81 gm
  7375. 0.05813 0. 32 0.00581 0.(Foibles to see if any part of the Foible's image intersects with the update area.  If it does, then)awidthshow
  7376. 351 81 gm
  7377. -0.08660 0.(FoibleManager sends the display message to the Foible.)ashow
  7378. 387 81 gm
  7379. 1.68014 0. 32 0.16801 0.(FoibleManager also has protocol for moving the Foibles within its area.  Tool actually)awidthshow
  7380. 411 81 gm
  7381. -0.09278 0.(implements the operations to change the image of a link.  When a box is moved, the Tool sends)ashow
  7382. 435 81 gm
  7383. 0.68481 0. 32 0.06848 0.(the )awidthshow
  7384. 2 fs
  7385. bu fc
  7386. 2 F /|______Times-Italic fnt
  7387. bn
  7388. 1.38015 0. 32 0.13801 0.(moveBox: byBlock: )awidthshow
  7389. 0 fs
  7390. bu fc
  7391. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  7392. bn
  7393. 0.98083 0. 32 0.09808 0.(message to the manager of the box.  Evaluating the block usually)awidthshow
  7394. 459 81 gm
  7395. -0.03182 0.(results in assigning the box to its new location.  If the box is moved out of its FoibleManager's)ashow
  7396. 483 81 gm
  7397. -0.08456 0.(area then it is given a new manager.  The FoibleManager sends the message )ashow
  7398. 2 fs
  7399. bu fc
  7400. 2 F /|______Times-Italic fnt
  7401. bn
  7402. -0.09481 0.(moveFoiblesBy:)ashow
  7403. 0 fs
  7404. bu fc
  7405. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  7406. bn
  7407. -0.10502 0.( to)ashow
  7408. 507 81 gm
  7409. -0.08172 0.(the box to update the images of any links that are connected to the box.  If the box is a complex)ashow
  7410. 531 81 gm
  7411. 0.12222 0. 32 0.01222 0.(box then the message )awidthshow
  7412. 2 fs
  7413. bu fc
  7414. 2 F /|______Times-Italic fnt
  7415. bn
  7416. 0.03936 0.(moveAllBy:)ashow
  7417. 0 fs
  7418. bu fc
  7419. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  7420. bn
  7421. 0.11322 0. 32 0.01132 0.( is sent to the companion manager of the box.  This method)awidthshow
  7422. 555 81 gm
  7423. -0.10342 0.(moves all of the Foibles that are contained in the box.)ashow
  7424. 591 81 gm
  7425. -0.12968 0.(FoibleManager protocol for moving:)ashow
  7426. 615 81 gm
  7427. 1 fs
  7428. bu fc
  7429. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  7430. bn
  7431. 3.85528 0. 32 0.38552 0.(moveAllBy: aPoint)awidthshow
  7432. 615 297 gm
  7433. 0 fs
  7434. bu fc
  7435. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  7436. bn
  7437. -0.12185 0.(move all of the Foibles that I manage by aPoint)ashow
  7438. 639 81 gm
  7439. 1 fs
  7440. bu fc
  7441. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  7442. bn
  7443. 3.50784 0. 32 0.35078 0.(moveBox: aBox byBlock: aBlock)awidthshow
  7444. 639 297 gm
  7445. 0 fs
  7446. bu fc
  7447. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  7448. bn
  7449. -0.12925 0.(move aBox according to aBlock)ashow
  7450. F T cp
  7451. %%Page: ? 46
  7452. op
  7453. 32 30 xl
  7454. 1 1 pen
  7455. 735 300 gm
  7456. (nc 32 30 762 582 6 rc)kp
  7457. 1 setTxMode
  7458. 0 fs
  7459. 12 fz
  7460. bu fc
  7461. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  7462. bn
  7463. (42)show
  7464. 93 81 gm
  7465. -0.03657 0.(A FoibleManger can send the )ashow
  7466. 2 fs
  7467. bu fc
  7468. 2 F /|______Times-Italic fnt
  7469. bn
  7470. -0.03060 0.(offset)ashow
  7471. 0 fs
  7472. bu fc
  7473. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  7474. bn
  7475. -0.03323 0.( message to its Foibles to determine their location, and this)ashow
  7476. 117 81 gm
  7477. -0.00526 0.(allows a FoibleManager to locate its Foibles that meet certain criteria.  Most of these methods)ashow
  7478. 141 81 gm
  7479. -0.08296 0.(are used by tools to select a Foible to perform an operation on.)ashow
  7480. 177 81 gm
  7481. -0.12568 0.(FoibleManager protocol for finding:)ashow
  7482. 201 81 gm
  7483. 1 fs
  7484. bu fc
  7485. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  7486. bn
  7487. 2.86193 0. 32 0.28619 0.(find: aPoint)awidthshow
  7488. 201 225 gm
  7489. 0 fs
  7490. bu fc
  7491. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  7492. bn
  7493. -0.07965 0.(return the topmost of my Foibles, if any, that is located at aPoint)ashow
  7494. 225 81 gm
  7495. 1 fs
  7496. bu fc
  7497. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  7498. bn
  7499. 3.44680 0. 32 0.34468 0.(findSuchThat: aBlock)awidthshow
  7500. 225 225 gm
  7501. 0 fs
  7502. bu fc
  7503. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  7504. bn
  7505. -0.09523 0.(return the topmost of my Foibles, that evaluates aBlock as true)ashow
  7506. 249 81 gm
  7507. 1 fs
  7508. bu fc
  7509. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  7510. bn
  7511. 0.30319 0. 32 0.03031 0.(findAllSuchThat: aBlock     )awidthshow
  7512. 0 fs
  7513. bu fc
  7514. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  7515. bn
  7516. 0.33828 0. 32 0.03382 0.(return a collection of my Foibles that evaluate aBlock as true)awidthshow
  7517. 285 81 gm
  7518. 0.18997 0. 32 0.01899 0.(For example, the Tool )awidthshow
  7519. 2 fs
  7520. bu fc
  7521. 2 F /|______Times-Italic fnt
  7522. bn
  7523. 0.20004 0. 32 0.02000 0.(delete )awidthshow
  7524. 0 fs
  7525. bu fc
  7526. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  7527. bn
  7528. 0.18875 0. 32 0.01887 0.(method sends the block [:it | it canBeDeleted] as a parameter to)awidthshow
  7529. 309 81 gm
  7530. 2 fs
  7531. bu fc
  7532. 2 F /|______Times-Italic fnt
  7533. bn
  7534. -0.00622 0.(findSuchThat:)ashow
  7535. 0 fs
  7536. bu fc
  7537. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  7538. bn
  7539. -0.00576 0.(.  The FoibleManager that receives this would return its topmost Foible, located)ashow
  7540. 333 81 gm
  7541. -0.09228 0.(at aPoint, that could be deleted.)ashow
  7542. 369 81 gm
  7543. 0.35903 0. 32 0.03590 0.(When Foibles are deleted from the system, the FoibleManager is sent a remove message.  A)awidthshow
  7544. 393 81 gm
  7545. -0.11796 0.(FoibleManager can delete a specific Foible or all of its Foibles.)ashow
  7546. 429 81 gm
  7547. -0.13140 0.(FoibleManager protocol for removing:)ashow
  7548. 453 81 gm
  7549. 1 fs
  7550. bu fc
  7551. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  7552. bn
  7553. 3.34976 0. 32 0.33497 0.(remove: aFoible)awidthshow
  7554. 453 225 gm
  7555. 0 fs
  7556. bu fc
  7557. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  7558. bn
  7559. -0.11308 0.(remove aFoible from the system)ashow
  7560. 477 81 gm
  7561. 1 fs
  7562. bu fc
  7563. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  7564. bn
  7565. 0.58712 0.(removeAll)ashow
  7566. 477 225 gm
  7567. 0 fs
  7568. bu fc
  7569. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  7570. bn
  7571. -0.12164 0.(remove all of the Foibles that I manage from the system)ashow
  7572. 513 81 gm
  7573. 0.36331 0. 32 0.03633 0.(FoibleManagers are used to manage Foibles in two different situations.  In the top level of a)awidthshow
  7574. 537 81 gm
  7575. -0.10099 0.(Foible application, each canvas has a FoibleManager to manage all of the Foibles in the canvas.)ashow
  7576. 561 81 gm
  7577. 0.96847 0. 32 0.09684 0.(Since there can be one or more canvases in a particular system, there can be one or more)awidthshow
  7578. 585 81 gm
  7579. -0.07717 0.(FoibleManagers at the top level.  FoibleManagers are also used to manage the Foibles inside of)ashow
  7580. 609 81 gm
  7581. 0.21286 0. 32 0.02128 0.(complex boxes.  Every complex box will have its own companion FoibleManager.  To allow)awidthshow
  7582. 633 81 gm
  7583. -0.08836 0.(for the different types of managers, FoibleManager has some access methods that are only used)ashow
  7584. 657 81 gm
  7585. -0.05839 0.(by one type of manager.)ashow
  7586. F T cp
  7587. %%Page: ? 47
  7588. op
  7589. 32 30 xl
  7590. 1 1 pen
  7591. 735 300 gm
  7592. (nc 32 30 762 582 6 rc)kp
  7593. 1 setTxMode
  7594. 0 fs
  7595. 12 fz
  7596. bu fc
  7597. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  7598. bn
  7599. (43)show
  7600. 105 81 gm
  7601. -0.12734 0.(FoibleManager protocol for accessing:)ashow
  7602. 129 81 gm
  7603. 1 fs
  7604. bu fc
  7605. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  7606. bn
  7607. 3.33541 0. 32 0.33354 0.(myBox )awidthshow
  7608. 129 153 gm
  7609. 0 fs
  7610. bu fc
  7611. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  7612. bn
  7613. -0.10345 0.(return my companion box if I am a complex box manager, return nil if I am not)ashow
  7614. 153 81 gm
  7615. 1 fs
  7616. bu fc
  7617. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  7618. bn
  7619. 1.57852 0. 32 0.15785 0.(program )awidthshow
  7620. 153 153 gm
  7621. 0 fs
  7622. bu fc
  7623. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  7624. bn
  7625. -0.12442 0.(return the FoibleProgram for the entire application, if I am a top level manager)ashow
  7626. 213 81 gm
  7627. 1 fs
  7628. bu fc
  7629. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  7630. bn
  7631. 1.99996 0.(4.3.)ashow
  7632. 213 117 gm
  7633. 4.41299 0. 32 0.44129 0.(Palette, ToolBenchView, CanvasView)awidthshow
  7634. 249 81 gm
  7635. 0 fs
  7636. bu fc
  7637. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  7638. bn
  7639. 1.47186 0. 32 0.14718 0.(Developers should not have to implement much code for the views and controllers of a)awidthshow
  7640. 273 81 gm
  7641. -0.07409 0.(FOIBLE application.  All of the interaction between the different views has been implemented,)ashow
  7642. 297 81 gm
  7643. -0.05709 0.(however some methods that deal with the specific tools in an application must be implemented)ashow
  7644. 321 81 gm
  7645. 1.44882 0. 32 0.14488 0.(by developers.  To give the reader a better understanding of how tools are selected and)awidthshow
  7646. 345 81 gm
  7647. 2.04483 0. 32 0.20448 0.(installed, we also describe some of the methods that the views and controllers use to)awidthshow
  7648. 369 81 gm
  7649. -0.14918 0.(communicate.)ashow
  7650. 405 81 gm
  7651. -0.01757 0.(ToolBenchView has several important methods that must be implemented by subclasses.  The)ashow
  7652. 429 81 gm
  7653. 2 fs
  7654. bu fc
  7655. 2 F /|______Times-Italic fnt
  7656. bn
  7657. -0.00967 0.(installCanvasTools )ashow
  7658. 0 fs
  7659. bu fc
  7660. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  7661. bn
  7662. -0.00935 0.(method sends each canvas in the application a collection of Tools that can)ashow
  7663. 453 81 gm
  7664. 0.10498 0. 32 0.01049 0.(be installed in that canvas.  The )awidthshow
  7665. 2 fs
  7666. bu fc
  7667. 2 F /|______Times-Italic fnt
  7668. bn
  7669. 0.03297 0.(tools)ashow
  7670. 0 fs
  7671. bu fc
  7672. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  7673. bn
  7674. 0.11383 0. 32 0.01138 0.( method returns a collection of icons that are used in the)awidthshow
  7675. 477 81 gm
  7676. -0.13088 0.(palette to represent each tool.)ashow
  7677. 513 81 gm
  7678. -0.11660 0.(ToolBenchView subclass protocol:)ashow
  7679. 537 81 gm
  7680. 1 fs
  7681. bu fc
  7682. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  7683. bn
  7684. 0.62713 0.(installCanvasTools)ashow
  7685. 537 225 gm
  7686. 0 fs
  7687. bu fc
  7688. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  7689. bn
  7690. -0.11621 0.(give each of my canvases an OrderedCollection of tools to store)ashow
  7691. 561 81 gm
  7692. 1 fs
  7693. bu fc
  7694. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  7695. bn
  7696. 1.00143 0.(tools)ashow
  7697. 561 225 gm
  7698. 0 fs
  7699. bu fc
  7700. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  7701. bn
  7702. -0.14239 0.(return an OrderedCollection of the tool icons for the palette)ashow
  7703. 597 81 gm
  7704. 0.57281 0. 32 0.05728 0.(PaletteController stores the collection of the icons for the Palette.  When a new tool icon is)awidthshow
  7705. 621 81 gm
  7706. -0.03552 0.(selected in the palette, PaletteController sends the )ashow
  7707. 2 fs
  7708. bu fc
  7709. 2 F /|______Times-Italic fnt
  7710. bn
  7711. -0.03631 0.(installTool:)ashow
  7712. 0 fs
  7713. bu fc
  7714. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  7715. bn
  7716. -0.04176 0.( message to its ToolBenchView,)ashow
  7717. 645 81 gm
  7718. 2.44842 0. 32 0.24484 0.(and the ToolBenchView sends the )awidthshow
  7719. 2 fs
  7720. bu fc
  7721. 2 F /|______Times-Italic fnt
  7722. bn
  7723. 0.55899 0.(installTool:)ashow
  7724. 0 fs
  7725. bu fc
  7726. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  7727. bn
  7728. 2.29583 0. 32 0.22958 0.( message to each CanvasView.  Each)awidthshow
  7729. 669 81 gm
  7730. -0.11926 0.(CanvasView then sends the )ashow
  7731. 2 fs
  7732. bu fc
  7733. 2 F /|______Times-Italic fnt
  7734. bn
  7735. -0.10386 0.(tool:)ashow
  7736. 0 fs
  7737. bu fc
  7738. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  7739. bn
  7740. -0.10539 0.( message to its controller to install the new tool.)ashow
  7741. F T cp
  7742. %%Page: ? 48
  7743. op
  7744. 32 30 xl
  7745. 1 1 pen
  7746. 735 300 gm
  7747. (nc 32 30 762 582 6 rc)kp
  7748. 1 setTxMode
  7749. 0 fs
  7750. 12 fz
  7751. bu fc
  7752. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  7753. bn
  7754. (44)show
  7755. 93 81 gm
  7756. -0.12681 0.(CanvasView protocol for private:)ashow
  7757. 117 81 gm
  7758. 1 fs
  7759. bu fc
  7760. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  7761. bn
  7762. 4.34921 0. 32 0.43492 0.(addTools: toolCollection)awidthshow
  7763. 117 261 gm
  7764. 0 fs
  7765. bu fc
  7766. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  7767. bn
  7768. -0.11369 0.(store this collection of tools)ashow
  7769. 141 81 gm
  7770. 1 fs
  7771. bu fc
  7772. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  7773. bn
  7774. 4.08859 0. 32 0.40885 0.(installTool: toolIndex)awidthshow
  7775. 141 261 gm
  7776. 0 fs
  7777. bu fc
  7778. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  7779. bn
  7780. -0.14189 0.(tell my controller to install this new tool)ashow
  7781. 177 81 gm
  7782. -0.14494 0.(ToolBenchView protocol for private:)ashow
  7783. 201 81 gm
  7784. 1 fs
  7785. bu fc
  7786. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  7787. bn
  7788. 4.08859 0. 32 0.40885 0.(installTool: toolIndex)awidthshow
  7789. 201 225 gm
  7790. 0 fs
  7791. bu fc
  7792. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  7793. bn
  7794. -0.13301 0.(tell each of my canvases to install the new tool)ashow
  7795. 237 81 gm
  7796. -0.10379 0.(CanvasController protocol for tool access:)ashow
  7797. 261 81 gm
  7798. 1 fs
  7799. bu fc
  7800. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  7801. bn
  7802. 0.89091 0.(tool)ashow
  7803. 261 225 gm
  7804. 0 fs
  7805. bu fc
  7806. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  7807. bn
  7808. -0.15895 0.(return the currently active tool)ashow
  7809. 285 81 gm
  7810. 1 fs
  7811. bu fc
  7812. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  7813. bn
  7814. 3.17077 0. 32 0.31707 0.(tool: aTool)awidthshow
  7815. 285 225 gm
  7816. 0 fs
  7817. bu fc
  7818. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  7819. bn
  7820. -0.15113 0.(set aTool as the currently active tool)ashow
  7821. 321 81 gm
  7822. 0.88134 0. 32 0.08813 0.(ToolBenchView also has the protocol for opening a window on an application.  There are)awidthshow
  7823. 345 81 gm
  7824. 0.91583 0. 32 0.09158 0.(methods for creating a new program and for reading in a stored program.  These methods)awidthshow
  7825. 369 81 gm
  7826. -0.02297 0.(create all of the views and controllers and set up the relationships between them.  Sending one)ashow
  7827. 393 81 gm
  7828. -0.03987 0.(of these messages to the subclass of ToolBenchView opens a new window and allows the user)ashow
  7829. 417 81 gm
  7830. -0.11174 0.(to create and/or edit a visual program.)ashow
  7831. 453 81 gm
  7832. -0.13775 0.(ToolBenchView class protocol for instance creation:)ashow
  7833. 477 81 gm
  7834. 1 fs
  7835. bu fc
  7836. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  7837. bn
  7838. 0.43559 0.(openProgram)ashow
  7839. 477 261 gm
  7840. 0 fs
  7841. bu fc
  7842. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  7843. bn
  7844. -0.09890 0.(open an existing program that has been saved)ashow
  7845. 501 81 gm
  7846. 1 fs
  7847. bu fc
  7848. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  7849. bn
  7850. 2.46231 0. 32 0.24623 0.(openProgram: aProgram)awidthshow
  7851. 501 261 gm
  7852. 0 fs
  7853. bu fc
  7854. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  7855. bn
  7856. -0.10441 0.(open the program named aProgram that has been saved)ashow
  7857. 525 81 gm
  7858. 1 fs
  7859. bu fc
  7860. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  7861. bn
  7862. 3.02062 0. 32 0.30206 0.(openOn: aFoibleProgram)awidthshow
  7863. 525 261 gm
  7864. 0 fs
  7865. bu fc
  7866. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  7867. bn
  7868. -0.04353 0.(open up a new window on aFoibleProgram)ashow
  7869. 561 81 gm
  7870. 3.37326 0. 32 0.33732 0.(There is one other important method that must be implemented by subclasses of)awidthshow
  7871. 585 81 gm
  7872. -0.03817 0.(ToolBenchView.  The )ashow
  7873. 2 fs
  7874. bu fc
  7875. 2 F /|______Times-Italic fnt
  7876. bn
  7877. -0.04048 0.(open)ashow
  7878. 0 fs
  7879. bu fc
  7880. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  7881. bn
  7882. -0.03524 0.( method sets up the number of canvases and the managers for each)ashow
  7883. 609 81 gm
  7884. 0.80337 0. 32 0.08033 0.(of the canvases.  It is usually a simple method to implement \(probably only a few lines of)awidthshow
  7885. 633 81 gm
  7886. -0.07360 0.(code\), but it is a very important method.)ashow
  7887. F T cp
  7888. %%Page: ? 49
  7889. op
  7890. 32 30 xl
  7891. 1 1 pen
  7892. 735 300 gm
  7893. (nc 32 30 762 582 6 rc)kp
  7894. 1 setTxMode
  7895. 0 fs
  7896. 12 fz
  7897. bu fc
  7898. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  7899. bn
  7900. (45)show
  7901. 105 81 gm
  7902. -0.09103 0.(ToolBenchView class protocol for subclasses:)ashow
  7903. 123 81 gm
  7904. 1 fs
  7905. bu fc
  7906. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  7907. bn
  7908. 0.77740 0.(open)ashow
  7909. 123 189 gm
  7910. 0 fs
  7911. bu fc
  7912. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  7913. bn
  7914. -0.07336 0.(create a new FoibleProgram, set up the canvases and their managers,)ashow
  7915. 141 189 gm
  7916. -0.05062 0.(and open a window on this program)ashow
  7917. 201 81 gm
  7918. 1 fs
  7919. bu fc
  7920. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  7921. bn
  7922. 1.99996 0.(4.4.)ashow
  7923. 201 117 gm
  7924. 0.88742 0.(Tool)ashow
  7925. 237 81 gm
  7926. 0 fs
  7927. bu fc
  7928. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  7929. bn
  7930. 1.47155 0. 32 0.14715 0.(Tools convert user operations, like moving and clicking the mouse, into operations in a)awidthshow
  7931. 261 81 gm
  7932. -0.03480 0.(FOIBLE application, like adding, deleting, or moving a box or link.  Thus, a tool is very much)ashow
  7933. 285 81 gm
  7934. 0.69778 0. 32 0.06977 0.(like a controller.  It is not a controller, however, and Tool depends on CanvasController to)awidthshow
  7935. 309 81 gm
  7936. -0.10711 0.(convert controller protocol into Tool protocol.)ashow
  7937. 345 81 gm
  7938. -0.05998 0.(Tool implements many useful functions.  A Tool performs all of the link drawing and creation.)ashow
  7939. 369 81 gm
  7940. 1.03302 0. 32 0.10330 0.(Tool also has protocol to create, move and delete Foibles.  Adding, moving, and deleting)awidthshow
  7941. 393 81 gm
  7942. 1.73355 0. 32 0.17335 0.(elements are operations that are needed in every visual programming language.  These)awidthshow
  7943. 417 81 gm
  7944. 0.82046 0. 32 0.08204 0.(operations can be implemented in separate tools, or as a function of a tool that performs a)awidthshow
  7945. 441 81 gm
  7946. 0.71136 0. 32 0.07113 0.(number of operations.  The implementation is flexible because all Tools can perform these)awidthshow
  7947. 465 81 gm
  7948. -0.07527 0.(tasks, and the Smalltalk menuing system is also very flexible.)ashow
  7949. 501 81 gm
  7950. -0.09498 0.(Tool protocol for menu messages:)ashow
  7951. 525 81 gm
  7952. 1 fs
  7953. bu fc
  7954. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  7955. bn
  7956. 0.32907 0.(add)ashow
  7957. 525 153 gm
  7958. 0 fs
  7959. bu fc
  7960. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  7961. bn
  7962. -0.08772 0.(add a new box to the canvas)ashow
  7963. 549 81 gm
  7964. 1 fs
  7965. bu fc
  7966. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  7967. bn
  7968. 0.60469 0.(delete)ashow
  7969. 549 153 gm
  7970. 0 fs
  7971. bu fc
  7972. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  7973. bn
  7974. -0.13151 0.(delete a Foible from the system)ashow
  7975. 573 81 gm
  7976. 1 fs
  7977. bu fc
  7978. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  7979. bn
  7980. 0.39094 0.(getpath)ashow
  7981. 573 153 gm
  7982. 0 fs
  7983. bu fc
  7984. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  7985. bn
  7986. -0.07781 0.(allow the user to draw a link between two boxes)ashow
  7987. 597 81 gm
  7988. 1 fs
  7989. bu fc
  7990. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  7991. bn
  7992. 0.60035 0.(layout)ashow
  7993. 597 153 gm
  7994. 0 fs
  7995. bu fc
  7996. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  7997. bn
  7998. -0.09617 0.(allow the user to create a new layout, retrieve an old layout, or save a layout)ashow
  7999. 633 81 gm
  8000. 0.56976 0. 32 0.05697 0.(Tool uses two methods, )awidthshow
  8001. 2 fs
  8002. bu fc
  8003. 2 F /|______Times-Italic fnt
  8004. bn
  8005. 0.15597 0.(defaultLinkClass)ashow
  8006. 0 fs
  8007. bu fc
  8008. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  8009. bn
  8010. 0.28625 0. 32 0.02862 0.( and )awidthshow
  8011. 2 fs
  8012. bu fc
  8013. 2 F /|______Times-Italic fnt
  8014. bn
  8015. 0.15597 0.(defaultLineClass)ashow
  8016. 0 fs
  8017. bu fc
  8018. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  8019. bn
  8020. 0.46600 0. 32 0.04660 0.(, to make it easy to subclass)awidthshow
  8021. 657 81 gm
  8022. -0.05534 0.(FOIBLE classes.  The )ashow
  8023. 2 fs
  8024. bu fc
  8025. 2 F /|______Times-Italic fnt
  8026. bn
  8027. -0.05421 0.(defaultLineClass)ashow
  8028. 0 fs
  8029. bu fc
  8030. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  8031. bn
  8032. -0.04949 0.( method returns the class that is used for the interactive)ashow
  8033. 681 81 gm
  8034. -0.03379 0.(link drawing and editing.  The )ashow
  8035. 2 fs
  8036. bu fc
  8037. 2 F /|______Times-Italic fnt
  8038. bn
  8039. -0.03591 0.(defaultLinkClass)ashow
  8040. 0 fs
  8041. bu fc
  8042. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  8043. bn
  8044. -0.03291 0.( method returns the class of link that is created)ashow
  8045. F T cp
  8046. %%Page: ? 50
  8047. op
  8048. 32 30 xl
  8049. 1 1 pen
  8050. 735 300 gm
  8051. (nc 32 30 762 582 6 rc)kp
  8052. 1 setTxMode
  8053. 0 fs
  8054. 12 fz
  8055. bu fc
  8056. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  8057. bn
  8058. (46)show
  8059. 93 81 gm
  8060. 0.03784 0. 32 0.00378 0.(when two boxes are connected.  This simplifies subclassing FoibleLink and FoibleLine, since)awidthshow
  8061. 117 81 gm
  8062. -0.08859 0.(references to link and line classes are no longer hard-coded in any of the code for Tool.)ashow
  8063. 153 81 gm
  8064. -0.02241 0.(Tool uses class instance variables to store the forms for the images of its icon and cursor.  The)ashow
  8065. 177 81 gm
  8066. 0.27633 0. 32 0.02763 0.(icon image is used in the palette, and the cursor image is used when the Tool is active.  Like)awidthshow
  8067. 201 81 gm
  8068. -0.04542 0.(Foibles, the icons and cursors for Tools are stored in individual files.)ashow
  8069. 237 81 gm
  8070. 0.13137 0. 32 0.01313 0.(Tool also has methods for accessing the model \(a FoibleManager\), view \(a CanvasView\) and)awidthshow
  8071. 261 81 gm
  8072. -0.07809 0.(controller \(a CanvasController\) of the canvas that it is operating in.  A Tool may have to send a)ashow
  8073. 285 81 gm
  8074. -0.05551 0.(message to the model, view, or controller, depending on the operations that the user performs.)ashow
  8075. 345 81 gm
  8076. 1 fs
  8077. bu fc
  8078. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  8079. bn
  8080. 1.79997 0.(4.4.1.)ashow
  8081. 345 153 gm
  8082. 0.87834 0.(LineSessions)ashow
  8083. 381 81 gm
  8084. 0 fs
  8085. bu fc
  8086. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  8087. bn
  8088. 0.08300 0. 32 0.00830 0.(LineSessions implement many of the creating and editing functions that are performed on the)awidthshow
  8089. 405 81 gm
  8090. -0.02824 0.(segments of a FoibleLink.  There are two subclasses of LineSession, LineDrawingSession and)ashow
  8091. 429 81 gm
  8092. 0.08590 0. 32 0.00859 0.(LineEditingSession, and there are two subclasses of LineEditingSession, LineMovingSession)awidthshow
  8093. 453 81 gm
  8094. 0.61569 0. 32 0.06156 0.(and LineCuttingSession.  The first version of FOIBLE did not allow line editing, and these)awidthshow
  8095. 477 81 gm
  8096. -0.13012 0.(editing functions are an important enhancement to the user interface.)ashow
  8097. 513 81 gm
  8098. 0.38360 0. 32 0.03836 0.(Tool originally implemented all of the line drawing methods, but the code was not modular.)awidthshow
  8099. 537 81 gm
  8100. 0.43914 0. 32 0.04391 0.(The LineDrawingSession class evolved in the process of simplifying the code.  LineSession)awidthshow
  8101. 561 81 gm
  8102. 0.98526 0. 32 0.09852 0.(does not implement I/O, but it performs calculations and displaying according to a cursor)awidthshow
  8103. 585 81 gm
  8104. 0.10925 0. 32 0.01092 0.(location, which it receives as a parameter in the method )awidthshow
  8105. 2 fs
  8106. bu fc
  8107. 2 F /|______Times-Italic fnt
  8108. bn
  8109. 0.20660 0. 32 0.02066 0.(cursorAt: displayIn:)awidthshow
  8110. 0 fs
  8111. bu fc
  8112. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  8113. bn
  8114. 0.11184 0. 32 0.01118 0.(.  A LineSession)awidthshow
  8115. 609 81 gm
  8116. 0.76477 0. 32 0.07647 0.(uses the cursor location to determine whether or not to recalculate and redraw its lines.  A)awidthshow
  8117. 633 81 gm
  8118. 0.22628 0. 32 0.02262 0.(LineSession stores the previous cursor location, and if the new cursor location is the same as)awidthshow
  8119. 657 81 gm
  8120. 0.15640 0. 32 0.01564 0.(the previous location then there is no reason for it to recalculate its lines, since the cursor has)awidthshow
  8121. F T cp
  8122. %%Page: ? 51
  8123. op
  8124. 32 30 xl
  8125. 1 1 pen
  8126. 735 300 gm
  8127. (nc 32 30 762 582 6 rc)kp
  8128. 1 setTxMode
  8129. 0 fs
  8130. 12 fz
  8131. bu fc
  8132. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  8133. bn
  8134. (47)show
  8135. 93 81 gm
  8136. 0.78918 0. 32 0.07891 0.(not moved.  If the cursor location is different then the LineSession erases its current lines,)awidthshow
  8137. 117 81 gm
  8138. -0.06211 0.(calculates and displays its new lines, and stores the new cursor location.)ashow
  8139. 153 81 gm
  8140. 0.25436 0. 32 0.02543 0.(When the session is completed, a LineSession can return its lines, which Tool uses to create,)awidthshow
  8141. 177 81 gm
  8142. 2.18338 0. 32 0.21833 0.(or replace in, the path.  FoibleLines know how to erase and display themselves, and)awidthshow
  8143. 201 81 gm
  8144. -0.08345 0.(LineSession take advantage of these methods.)ashow
  8145. 237 81 gm
  8146. -0.09780 0.(LineSession protocol for line display:)ashow
  8147. 261 81 gm
  8148. 1 fs
  8149. bu fc
  8150. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  8151. bn
  8152. 2.68249 0. 32 0.26824 0.(cursorAt: aPoint)awidthshow
  8153. 261 225 gm
  8154. 0 fs
  8155. bu fc
  8156. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  8157. bn
  8158. -0.10707 0.(recalculate my lines, with the cursor located at aPoint,)ashow
  8159. 279 81 gm
  8160. 1 fs
  8161. bu fc
  8162. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  8163. bn
  8164. 2.34161 0. 32 0.23416 0.(  displayIn: aView)awidthshow
  8165. 279 225 gm
  8166. 0 fs
  8167. bu fc
  8168. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  8169. bn
  8170. -0.12959 0.(and display my lines in aView)ashow
  8171. 303 81 gm
  8172. 1 fs
  8173. bu fc
  8174. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  8175. bn
  8176. 3.60214 0. 32 0.36021 0.(displayIn: aView)awidthshow
  8177. 303 225 gm
  8178. 0 fs
  8179. bu fc
  8180. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  8181. bn
  8182. -0.13758 0.(display my lines in aView)ashow
  8183. 339 81 gm
  8184. 0.63552 0. 32 0.06355 0.(A new LineSession is told the class of line to use when new lines are created.  This allows)awidthshow
  8185. 363 81 gm
  8186. -0.07492 0.(subclassing of FoibleLine, since the references to line classes are not hard-coded.)ashow
  8187. 399 81 gm
  8188. -0.07902 0.(LineSession methods for accessing:)ashow
  8189. 423 81 gm
  8190. 1 fs
  8191. bu fc
  8192. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  8193. bn
  8194. 0.55639 0.(defaultLineClass)ashow
  8195. 423 261 gm
  8196. 0 fs
  8197. bu fc
  8198. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  8199. bn
  8200. -0.10273 0.(return the class of line to use when new lines are created)ashow
  8201. 447 81 gm
  8202. 1 fs
  8203. bu fc
  8204. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  8205. bn
  8206. 3.94607 0. 32 0.39460 0.(defaultLineClass: aClass)awidthshow
  8207. 447 261 gm
  8208. 0 fs
  8209. bu fc
  8210. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  8211. bn
  8212. -0.11958 0.(set the defaultLineClass to aClass)ashow
  8213. 483 81 gm
  8214. 0.47927 0. 32 0.04792 0.(LineDrawingSession is used in the initial creation of a link.  There are always two movable)awidthshow
  8215. 507 81 gm
  8216. -0.08749 0.(lines during link creation, and LineDrawingSession calculates and displays these lines.)ashow
  8217. 543 81 gm
  8218. 1.22863 0. 32 0.12286 0.(LineEditingSession is an abstract class for the two types of editing functions that can be)awidthshow
  8219. 567 81 gm
  8220. -0.05384 0.(performed on existing links.  LineMovingSession is used to move one segment of a link, while)ashow
  8221. 591 81 gm
  8222. 0.40298 0. 32 0.04029 0.(the segments on either side of the segment being moved are adjusted to keep the link in one)awidthshow
  8223. 615 81 gm
  8224. 0.16448 0. 32 0.01644 0.(piece, as in Figure 4.4.)awidthshow
  8225. F T cp
  8226. %%Page: ? 52
  8227. op
  8228. 32 30 xl
  8229. 1 1 pen
  8230. 735 300 gm
  8231. (nc 32 30 762 582 6 rc)kp
  8232. 1 setTxMode
  8233. 0 fs
  8234. 12 fz
  8235. bu fc
  8236. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  8237. bn
  8238. (48)show
  8239. 0 0 gm
  8240. (nc 72 195 402 417 6 rc)kp
  8241. T 222 84 195 72 28 222 84 T 0 db
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  9015. 479 223 gm
  9016. (nc 32 30 762 582 6 rc)kp
  9017. bu fc
  9018. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  9019. bn
  9020. -0.04992 0.(Figure 4.5  A Line Cutting Session)ashow
  9021. F T cp
  9022. %%Page: ? 54
  9023. op
  9024. 32 30 xl
  9025. 1 1 pen
  9026. 735 300 gm
  9027. (nc 32 30 762 582 6 rc)kp
  9028. 1 setTxMode
  9029. 0 fs
  9030. 12 fz
  9031. bu fc
  9032. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  9033. bn
  9034. (50)show
  9035. 104 183 gm
  9036. 1 fs
  9037. 14 fz
  9038. bu fc
  9039. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  9040. bn
  9041. 3.28475 0. 32 0.32847 0.(Chapter 5.)awidthshow
  9042. 104 291 gm
  9043. 4.51812 0. 32 0.45181 0.(FOIBLE Accessories)awidthshow
  9044. 141 81 gm
  9045. 12 fz
  9046. bu fc
  9047. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  9048. bn
  9049. 1.99996 0.(5.1.)ashow
  9050. 141 117 gm
  9051. 0.36869 0.(IconManager)ashow
  9052. 177 81 gm
  9053. 0 fs
  9054. bu fc
  9055. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  9056. bn
  9057. -0.03457 0.(The IconManager class provides two useful functions.  IconManger has a stand-alone tool that)ashow
  9058. 201 81 gm
  9059. 0.31112 0. 32 0.03111 0.(can be used to create, edit, and store icons.  IconManager also implements class protocol for)awidthshow
  9060. 225 81 gm
  9061. -0.07322 0.(retrieving icons that are stored on disk.)ashow
  9062. 261 81 gm
  9063. 0.31204 0. 32 0.03120 0.(The general purpose icon editor will not only be useful to FOIBLE users, but also to anyone)awidthshow
  9064. 285 81 gm
  9065. 0.21286 0. 32 0.02128 0.(who wishes to create, edit, and store forms.  General purpose tools, such as this, are a part of)awidthshow
  9066. 309 81 gm
  9067. -0.08181 0.(the whole object-oriented philosophy.)ashow
  9068. 345 81 gm
  9069. -0.06304 0.(The IconManager allows users to easily create and edit icons for use in FOIBLE.  Each form is)ashow
  9070. 369 81 gm
  9071. 0.96908 0. 32 0.09690 0.(stored in a file, on disk.  The IconManager reads in all of the forms contained in a single)awidthshow
  9072. 393 81 gm
  9073. 1.58325 0. 32 0.15832 0.(directory.  Operations that can be performed include creating a new icon, and deleting,)awidthshow
  9074. 417 81 gm
  9075. -0.09004 0.(copying, or editing an existing icon.  Icons are edited with the Smalltalk BitEditor.)ashow
  9076. 453 81 gm
  9077. -0.13623 0.(IconManager class protocol for instance creation:)ashow
  9078. 477 81 gm
  9079. 1 fs
  9080. bu fc
  9081. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  9082. bn
  9083. 2.75726 0. 32 0.27572 0.(openDir: aDirectory)awidthshow
  9084. 477 225 gm
  9085. 0 fs
  9086. bu fc
  9087. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  9088. bn
  9089. -0.10546 0.(open a new window for editing the icons in directory aDirectory)ashow
  9090. 513 81 gm
  9091. -0.12464 0.(IconManager protocol for accessing:)ashow
  9092. 537 81 gm
  9093. 1 fs
  9094. bu fc
  9095. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  9096. bn
  9097. 0.52014 0.(iconExtent)ashow
  9098. 537 189 gm
  9099. 0 fs
  9100. bu fc
  9101. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  9102. bn
  9103. -0.12881 0.(return the size of a newly created icon)ashow
  9104. 573 81 gm
  9105. 0.10925 0. 32 0.01092 0.(Since icons will probably be of varying sizes, IconManager provides an easy way of defining)awidthshow
  9106. 597 81 gm
  9107. 0.12329 0. 32 0.01232 0.(the size of a new icon that it creates.  The )awidthshow
  9108. 2 fs
  9109. bu fc
  9110. 2 F /|______Times-Italic fnt
  9111. bn
  9112. 0.04853 0.(iconExtent)ashow
  9113. 0 fs
  9114. bu fc
  9115. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  9116. bn
  9117. 0.15182 0. 32 0.01518 0.( method stores the size of form to create)awidthshow
  9118. 621 81 gm
  9119. -0.01568 0.(when a new icon is created.  To change the size of a new icon, the user need only edit this one)ashow
  9120. 645 81 gm
  9121. (method.)show
  9122. F T cp
  9123. %%Page: ? 55
  9124. op
  9125. 32 30 xl
  9126. 1 1 pen
  9127. 735 300 gm
  9128. (nc 32 30 762 582 6 rc)kp
  9129. 1 setTxMode
  9130. 0 fs
  9131. 12 fz
  9132. bu fc
  9133. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  9134. bn
  9135. (51)show
  9136. 93 81 gm
  9137. -0.07009 0.(IconManager also retrieves icons for classes in FOIBLE.  The icons for all FOIBLE classes are)ashow
  9138. 117 81 gm
  9139. -0.11605 0.(stored in files, and Foible and Tool each implement an interface to IconManager.)ashow
  9140. 153 81 gm
  9141. -0.13050 0.(IconManager class protocol for form retrieval:)ashow
  9142. 177 81 gm
  9143. 1 fs
  9144. bu fc
  9145. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  9146. bn
  9147. 3.48754 0. 32 0.34875 0.(getIcon: iconName)awidthshow
  9148. 0 fs
  9149. bu fc
  9150. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  9151. bn
  9152. ( )show
  9153. 177 261 gm
  9154. -0.16041 0.(retrieve iconName from the directory iconDirectory)ashow
  9155. 195 81 gm
  9156. 0.23742 0. 32 0.02374 0.( )awidthshow
  9157. 1 fs
  9158. bu fc
  9159. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  9160. bn
  9161. 2.81509 0. 32 0.28150 0.( fromDirectory: iconDirectory)awidthshow
  9162. 219 81 gm
  9163. 3.06503 0. 32 0.30650 0.(getCursor: cursorName)awidthshow
  9164. 0 fs
  9165. bu fc
  9166. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  9167. bn
  9168. ( )show
  9169. 219 261 gm
  9170. -0.12260 0.(retrieve cursorName from the directory cursorDirectory)ashow
  9171. 237 81 gm
  9172. 0.20492 0. 32 0.02049 0.(  )awidthshow
  9173. 1 fs
  9174. bu fc
  9175. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  9176. bn
  9177. 3.16360 0. 32 0.31636 0.(fromDirectory: cursorDirectory)awidthshow
  9178. 273 81 gm
  9179. 0 fs
  9180. bu fc
  9181. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  9182. bn
  9183. 2.49420 0. 32 0.24942 0.(To simplify the design and handling of icons, Foible and Tool have an interface to)awidthshow
  9184. 297 81 gm
  9185. -0.04737 0.(IconManager.  The icons and cursors for all Foibles and Tools are stored in individual files, on)ashow
  9186. 321 81 gm
  9187. -0.03746 0.(disk, and IconManager reads these forms in.)ashow
  9188. 357 81 gm
  9189. 0.56838 0. 32 0.05683 0.(There are several reasons for using the IconManager.  First, the forms no longer have to be)awidthshow
  9190. 381 81 gm
  9191. 0.05126 0. 32 0.00512 0.(hard-coded in any methods; this not only produces more readable code, but also reduces code)awidthshow
  9192. 405 81 gm
  9193. 0.25588 0. 32 0.02558 0.(size.  Another benefit is the ease of changing an icon for a Foible.  The icon for a Foible can)awidthshow
  9194. 429 81 gm
  9195. 0.37567 0. 32 0.03756 0.(instantly be changed by editing the file on disk with the editing functions available from the)awidthshow
  9196. 453 81 gm
  9197. -0.08712 0.(IconManager.)ashow
  9198. 489 81 gm
  9199. 1.77383 0. 32 0.17738 0.(Foible and Tool implement several methods that interface with the IconManager.  The)awidthshow
  9200. 513 81 gm
  9201. 2 fs
  9202. bu fc
  9203. 2 F /|______Times-Italic fnt
  9204. bn
  9205. -0.04400 0.(iconDirectory)ashow
  9206. 0 fs
  9207. bu fc
  9208. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  9209. bn
  9210. -0.04319 0.( method must be implemented by subclasses.  The )ashow
  9211. 2 fs
  9212. bu fc
  9213. 2 F /|______Times-Italic fnt
  9214. bn
  9215. -0.04400 0.(iconDirectory)ashow
  9216. 0 fs
  9217. bu fc
  9218. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  9219. bn
  9220. -0.04571 0.( method returns)ashow
  9221. 537 81 gm
  9222. 0.23254 0. 32 0.02325 0.(the full path to the directory that contains the icon for a Foible.  This allows flexibility in the)awidthshow
  9223. 561 81 gm
  9224. -0.08670 0.(organization of the form files.)ashow
  9225. 597 81 gm
  9226. -0.03419 0.(We have used a standard naming strategy for icons, although icons can still be shared between)ashow
  9227. 621 81 gm
  9228. 0.44967 0. 32 0.04496 0.(applications.  Since most boxes have only one icon, the class name is used as the name of a)awidthshow
  9229. 645 81 gm
  9230. -0.03517 0.(box's icon.  Tools have two forms, a cursor and an icon for the palette, and the form names are)ashow
  9231. 669 81 gm
  9232. 0.21850 0. 32 0.02185 0.(<class name>.cur and <class name>.icn, respectively.  Foible also has a method for FOIBLE)awidthshow
  9233. 693 81 gm
  9234. 1.44302 0. 32 0.14430 0.(classes that do not follow the naming convention.  The name of the icon is passed as a)awidthshow
  9235. F T cp
  9236. %%Page: ? 56
  9237. op
  9238. 32 30 xl
  9239. 1 1 pen
  9240. 735 300 gm
  9241. (nc 32 30 762 582 6 rc)kp
  9242. 1 setTxMode
  9243. 0 fs
  9244. 12 fz
  9245. bu fc
  9246. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  9247. bn
  9248. (52)show
  9249. 93 81 gm
  9250. -0.03056 0.(parameter.  This allows icons to be shared between applications.  Several of the same methods)ashow
  9251. 117 81 gm
  9252. -0.11839 0.(are implemented in both Tool and Foible.)ashow
  9253. 153 81 gm
  9254. -0.08702 0.(Foible and Tool class methods for form access:)ashow
  9255. 177 81 gm
  9256. 1 fs
  9257. bu fc
  9258. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  9259. bn
  9260. 0.57476 0.(baseform)ashow
  9261. 177 225 gm
  9262. 0 fs
  9263. bu fc
  9264. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  9265. bn
  9266. -0.10317 0.(return my class icon)ashow
  9267. 201 81 gm
  9268. 1 fs
  9269. bu fc
  9270. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  9271. bn
  9272. 0.66941 0.(getIcon)ashow
  9273. 201 225 gm
  9274. 0 fs
  9275. bu fc
  9276. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  9277. bn
  9278. -0.11791 0.(retrieve my icon from disk)ashow
  9279. 225 81 gm
  9280. 1 fs
  9281. bu fc
  9282. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  9283. bn
  9284. 3.73474 0. 32 0.37347 0.(getIcon: iconName)awidthshow
  9285. 225 225 gm
  9286. 0 fs
  9287. bu fc
  9288. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  9289. bn
  9290. -0.13117 0.(retrieve the icon with name iconName from disk)ashow
  9291. 249 81 gm
  9292. 1 fs
  9293. bu fc
  9294. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  9295. bn
  9296. 0.53120 0.(iconDirectory)ashow
  9297. 249 225 gm
  9298. 0 fs
  9299. bu fc
  9300. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  9301. bn
  9302. -0.12126 0.(return the path to the directory that my icon is stored in)ashow
  9303. 285 81 gm
  9304. 1.31805 0. 32 0.13180 0.(Tool also has protocol for retrieving its cursors.  A special method is needed to retrieve)awidthshow
  9305. 309 81 gm
  9306. 0.35125 0. 32 0.03512 0.(cursors, because icons and cursors are stored the same way, but a Cursor is a special type of)awidthshow
  9307. 333 81 gm
  9308. 0.28961 0. 32 0.02896 0.(form.  When the form for a cursor is read in, it is converted by IconManager.  Implementing)awidthshow
  9309. 357 81 gm
  9310. -0.14726 0.(the interface to IconManager is relatively simple.)ashow
  9311. 393 81 gm
  9312. -0.08598 0.(Tool class methods for form access:)ashow
  9313. 417 81 gm
  9314. 1 fs
  9315. bu fc
  9316. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  9317. bn
  9318. 0.50338 0.(getCursor)ashow
  9319. 417 225 gm
  9320. 0 fs
  9321. bu fc
  9322. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  9323. bn
  9324. -0.08401 0.(retrieve my cursor from disk)ashow
  9325. 441 81 gm
  9326. 1 fs
  9327. bu fc
  9328. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  9329. bn
  9330. 3.24493 0. 32 0.32449 0.(getCursor: cursorName)awidthshow
  9331. 441 225 gm
  9332. 0 fs
  9333. bu fc
  9334. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  9335. bn
  9336. -0.09266 0.(retrieve the cursor with name cursorName from disk)ashow
  9337. 477 81 gm
  9338. -0.11448 0.(Foible class protocol for form retrieval:)ashow
  9339. 514 81 gm
  9340. bu fc
  9341. 2 F /|______Courier fnt
  9342. bn
  9343. -0.20266 0.(getIcon: iconName fromDirectory: iconDirectory)ashow
  9344. 538 117 gm
  9345. -0.20191 0.(^IconManager getIcon: fromDirectory: self iconDirectory)ashow
  9346. 591 81 gm
  9347. bu fc
  9348. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  9349. bn
  9350. -0.10351 0.(The class variables that store the icons and cursors are initialized the first time that the variables)ashow
  9351. 615 81 gm
  9352. -0.08685 0.(are accessed.  If a variable has been initialized then the variable is simply returned.  If it has not)ashow
  9353. 639 81 gm
  9354. -0.02891 0.(been initialized then IconManager is asked to retrieve the form, and the variable is set.  This is)ashow
  9355. 663 81 gm
  9356. 1.43508 0. 32 0.14350 0.(done to prevent errors when filing an application into the Smalltalk image.  If the class)awidthshow
  9357. 687 81 gm
  9358. -0.01168 0.(variables were initialized when the code was filed in then directory that the icons are stored in)ashow
  9359. F T cp
  9360. %%Page: ? 57
  9361. op
  9362. 32 30 xl
  9363. 1 1 pen
  9364. 735 300 gm
  9365. (nc 32 30 762 582 6 rc)kp
  9366. 1 setTxMode
  9367. 0 fs
  9368. 12 fz
  9369. bu fc
  9370. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  9371. bn
  9372. (53)show
  9373. 93 81 gm
  9374. -0.07391 0.(would have to added to the code in some way.  There is no way to do this without requiring the)ashow
  9375. 117 81 gm
  9376. 0.67520 0. 32 0.06752 0.(user to edit the code before it is filed, and editing a Smalltalk file should not be necessary.)awidthshow
  9377. 141 81 gm
  9378. 0.18920 0. 32 0.01892 0.(Now, it is possible to file in the code for an application, without the directory being accessed)awidthshow
  9379. 165 81 gm
  9380. -0.12661 0.(since the icons are not initialized.  The directory can be set after the application has been filed in)ashow
  9381. 189 81 gm
  9382. -0.09199 0.(and before an application is started up.)ashow
  9383. 249 81 gm
  9384. 1 fs
  9385. bu fc
  9386. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  9387. bn
  9388. 1.99996 0.(5.2.)ashow
  9389. 249 117 gm
  9390. 3.02291 0. 32 0.30229 0.(Binary Store)awidthshow
  9391. 285 81 gm
  9392. 0 fs
  9393. bu fc
  9394. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  9395. bn
  9396. 0.02853 0. 32 0.00285 0.(A FOIBLE layout is stored using a )awidthshow
  9397. 2 fs
  9398. bu fc
  9399. 2 F /|______Times-Italic fnt
  9400. bn
  9401. 0.00895 0.(storeBinary)ashow
  9402. 0 fs
  9403. bu fc
  9404. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  9405. bn
  9406. 0.03112 0. 32 0.00311 0.( method, which is a very useful public domain)awidthshow
  9407. 309 81 gm
  9408. 0.78430 0. 32 0.07843 0.(method.  Layouts previously could be stored, using the )awidthshow
  9409. 2 fs
  9410. bu fc
  9411. 2 F /|______Times-Italic fnt
  9412. bn
  9413. 0.21932 0.(storeStructureOn:)ashow
  9414. 0 fs
  9415. bu fc
  9416. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  9417. bn
  9418. 0.74020 0. 32 0.07402 0.( method, but the)awidthshow
  9419. 333 81 gm
  9420. 2 fs
  9421. bu fc
  9422. 2 F /|______Times-Italic fnt
  9423. bn
  9424. -0.08132 0.(storeBinary)ashow
  9425. 0 fs
  9426. bu fc
  9427. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  9428. bn
  9429. -0.07441 0.( method is much more efficient.  The only thing that is lost is the ability to examine)ashow
  9430. 357 81 gm
  9431. 0.57296 0. 32 0.05729 0.(and edit a file that was created by )awidthshow
  9432. 2 fs
  9433. bu fc
  9434. 2 F /|______Times-Italic fnt
  9435. bn
  9436. 0.20820 0.(storeStructureOn:)ashow
  9437. 0 fs
  9438. bu fc
  9439. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  9440. bn
  9441. 0.21392 0. 32 0.02139 0.(; )awidthshow
  9442. 2 fs
  9443. bu fc
  9444. 2 F /|______Times-Italic fnt
  9445. bn
  9446. 0.20881 0.(binaryStore)ashow
  9447. 0 fs
  9448. bu fc
  9449. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  9450. bn
  9451. 0.63079 0. 32 0.06307 0.( creates a binary file that)awidthshow
  9452. 381 81 gm
  9453. 0.00579 0. 32 0.00057 0.(cannot be examined.  However, we feel that the savings in disk space is well worth the loss in)awidthshow
  9454. 405 81 gm
  9455. -0.12026 0.(flexibility.)ashow
  9456. F T cp
  9457. %%Page: ? 58
  9458. op
  9459. 32 30 xl
  9460. 1 1 pen
  9461. 735 300 gm
  9462. (nc 32 30 762 582 6 rc)kp
  9463. 1 setTxMode
  9464. 0 fs
  9465. 12 fz
  9466. bu fc
  9467. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  9468. bn
  9469. (54)show
  9470. 104 202 gm
  9471. 1 fs
  9472. 14 fz
  9473. bu fc
  9474. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  9475. bn
  9476. 3.28475 0. 32 0.32847 0.(Chapter 6.)awidthshow
  9477. 104 310 gm
  9478. 3.98849 0. 32 0.39884 0.(Using FOIBLE)awidthshow
  9479. 141 81 gm
  9480. 12 fz
  9481. bu fc
  9482. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  9483. bn
  9484. 1.99996 0.(6.1.)ashow
  9485. 141 117 gm
  9486. 2.35885 0. 32 0.23588 0.(An Outline of Using FOIBLE)awidthshow
  9487. 177 81 gm
  9488. 0 fs
  9489. bu fc
  9490. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  9491. bn
  9492. -0.03813 0.(Any application built with FOIBLE must provide concrete subclasses of the abstract classes in)ashow
  9493. 201 81 gm
  9494. 1.81777 0. 32 0.18177 0.(FOIBLE, including FoibleBox, FoibleLink, Tool, FoibleManager, ToolBenchView, and)awidthshow
  9495. 225 81 gm
  9496. 2.18017 0. 32 0.21801 0.(perhaps Ports.  The subclasses define the specific behavior of the system, as well as)awidthshow
  9497. 249 81 gm
  9498. -0.04847 0.(implementation details that are not provided in FOIBLE.  In particular, they define how values)ashow
  9499. 273 81 gm
  9500. -0.02986 0.(are calculated and passed through a system.  Different visual languages have different ways of)ashow
  9501. 297 81 gm
  9502. 0.32501 0. 32 0.03250 0.(computing values, so it is not implemented in FOIBLE.  The following is an outline of what)awidthshow
  9503. 321 81 gm
  9504. 1.31072 0. 32 0.13107 0.(must be done in these subclasses in order to create a visual programming language with)awidthshow
  9505. 345 81 gm
  9506. -0.22085 0.(FOIBLE:)ashow
  9507. 381 99 gm
  9508. -0.08360 0.(FoibleBox)ashow
  9509. 381 189 gm
  9510. -0.08215 0.(define forms \(using IconManager\), define how values are computed)ashow
  9511. 405 99 gm
  9512. -0.14764 0.(FoibleLink)ashow
  9513. 405 189 gm
  9514. -0.07316 0.(define forms and define how values are passed)ashow
  9515. 429 99 gm
  9516. -0.22132 0.(Tool)ashow
  9517. 429 189 gm
  9518. -0.07711 0.(define forms and menus)ashow
  9519. 453 99 gm
  9520. -0.19201 0.(FoibleManager)ashow
  9521. 453 189 gm
  9522. -0.10502 0.(define how a program is executed)ashow
  9523. 477 99 gm
  9524. -0.19221 0.(ToolBenchView)ashow
  9525. 477 189 gm
  9526. -0.05892 0.(define classes of Tools to be used, define number of canvases)ashow
  9527. 513 81 gm
  9528. 1.36825 0. 32 0.13682 0.(This outline contains a minimum of what must be done.  A developer may also have to)awidthshow
  9529. 537 81 gm
  9530. 0.96374 0. 32 0.09637 0.(implement other operations that are not provided in FOIBLE.  To give the reader a better)awidthshow
  9531. 561 81 gm
  9532. -0.01757 0.(understanding of how FOIBLE is used to build a visual programming system, the next section)ashow
  9533. 585 81 gm
  9534. -0.02996 0.(describes how FlowKit [Scae88] was built using FOIBLE.)ashow
  9535. F T cp
  9536. %%Page: ? 59
  9537. op
  9538. 32 30 xl
  9539. 1 1 pen
  9540. 735 300 gm
  9541. (nc 32 30 762 582 6 rc)kp
  9542. 1 setTxMode
  9543. 0 fs
  9544. 12 fz
  9545. bu fc
  9546. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  9547. bn
  9548. (55)show
  9549. 105 81 gm
  9550. 1 fs
  9551. bu fc
  9552. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  9553. bn
  9554. 1.99996 0.(6.2.)ashow
  9555. 105 117 gm
  9556. 2.41027 0. 32 0.24102 0.(An Example of Using FOIBLE)awidthshow
  9557. 141 81 gm
  9558. 0 fs
  9559. bu fc
  9560. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  9561. bn
  9562. 0.82931 0. 32 0.08293 0.(The implementation of FlowKit is slightly more complex than most FOIBLE applications,)awidthshow
  9563. 165 81 gm
  9564. 0.54077 0. 32 0.05407 0.(because FlowKit has two canvases.  Some of the boxes in FlowKit have a representation in)awidthshow
  9565. 189 81 gm
  9566. -0.03662 0.(both canvases, and the boxes, tools, and managers in FlowKit must be able to handle this.)ashow
  9567. 225 81 gm
  9568. 1.15219 0. 32 0.11521 0.(FlowKitBox is a subclass of FoibleBox that is the abstract class of all boxes in FlowKit.)awidthshow
  9569. 249 81 gm
  9570. 0.86288 0. 32 0.08628 0.(Protocol that is needed by all, or at least most, of the boxes in FlowKit is implemented in)awidthshow
  9571. 273 81 gm
  9572. 2.45483 0. 32 0.24548 0.(FlowKitBox.  Some of the boxes in FlowKit display their values on the screen and)awidthshow
  9573. 297 81 gm
  9574. 0.96176 0. 32 0.09617 0.(FlowKitBox implements this.  FlowKitBox also implements the protocol for calculating a)awidthshow
  9575. 321 81 gm
  9576. -0.03417 0.(box's value.  Each application built with FOIBLE must implement the manner in which values)ashow
  9577. 345 81 gm
  9578. -0.10115 0.(are calculated and sent through the system.)ashow
  9579. 381 81 gm
  9580. 0.21942 0. 32 0.02194 0.(FlowKit is a dataflow language, where tokens are used to pass values through the system.  A)awidthshow
  9581. 405 81 gm
  9582. 0.16311 0. 32 0.01631 0.(box waits until it receives a token from each of its inputs, and then the box calculates its new)awidthshow
  9583. 429 81 gm
  9584. -0.07470 0.(value and sends a token to its outputs.  To start the execution of a dataflow program, tokens are)ashow
  9585. 453 81 gm
  9586. -0.07839 0.(sent to each of the boxes that contains user input.)ashow
  9587. 489 81 gm
  9588. -0.10047 0.(FlowKitBox protocol for calculations:)ashow
  9589. 526 81 gm
  9590. bu fc
  9591. 2 F /|______Courier fnt
  9592. bn
  9593. -0.24781 0.(token)ashow
  9594. 544 117 gm
  9595. -0.20361 0.(" I have been sent a new input value ")ashow
  9596. 562 117 gm
  9597. -0.20991 0.(| values results |)ashow
  9598. 580 117 gm
  9599. -0.20509 0.(values <- self getInputValues.)ashow
  9600. 598 117 gm
  9601. -0.20619 0.(values isNil ifTrue: ^nil.)ashow
  9602. 616 117 gm
  9603. -0.20347 0.(results <- self calculateValue: values.)ashow
  9604. 634 117 gm
  9605. -0.20588 0.(self outputResults: results)ashow
  9606. F T cp
  9607. %%Page: ? 60
  9608. op
  9609. 32 30 xl
  9610. 1 1 pen
  9611. 735 300 gm
  9612. (nc 32 30 762 582 6 rc)kp
  9613. 1 setTxMode
  9614. 0 fs
  9615. 12 fz
  9616. bu fc
  9617. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  9618. bn
  9619. (56)show
  9620. 106 81 gm
  9621. bu fc
  9622. 2 F /|______Courier fnt
  9623. bn
  9624. -0.21350 0.(getInputValues)ashow
  9625. 124 117 gm
  9626. -0.20239 0.(" try to calculate my value, based on my inputs ")ashow
  9627. 142 117 gm
  9628. -0.20179 0.(inputPorts do: [:each | each value isNil ifTrue: [^nil]].)ashow
  9629. 160 117 gm
  9630. -0.20321 0.(^inputPorts collect: [:each | each value])ashow
  9631. 196 81 gm
  9632. -0.20770 0.(calculateValue: values)ashow
  9633. 214 117 gm
  9634. -0.21627 0.(| formulas |)ashow
  9635. 232 117 gm
  9636. -0.20619 0.(formulas <- self formulas.)ashow
  9637. 250 117 gm
  9638. -0.21350 0.(values isEmpty)ashow
  9639. 268 117 gm
  9640. -0.22303 0.(ifTrue: [)ashow
  9641. 286 135 gm
  9642. -0.20509 0.(self value: \(formulas collect:)ashow
  9643. 304 153 gm
  9644. -0.20559 0.([:each | each value: self]\)])ashow
  9645. 322 117 gm
  9646. -0.22027 0.(ifFalse: [)ashow
  9647. 340 135 gm
  9648. -0.20509 0.(self value: \(formulas collect:)ashow
  9649. 358 153 gm
  9650. -0.20214 0.([:each | each valueWithArguments: values asArray]\)].)ashow
  9651. 376 117 gm
  9652. -0.21807 0.(^self value)ashow
  9653. 412 81 gm
  9654. -0.20770 0.(outputResults: results)ashow
  9655. 430 117 gm
  9656. -0.20207 0.(" display and/or send the results of my calculation ")ashow
  9657. 448 117 gm
  9658. -0.20588 0.(self displayValue: results.)ashow
  9659. 466 117 gm
  9660. -0.20167 0.(outputPort with: results do: [:port :tok | port token: tok])ashow
  9661. 501 81 gm
  9662. bu fc
  9663. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  9664. bn
  9665. 0.34133 0. 32 0.03413 0.(The subclasses of FlowKitBox define the different categories of boxes available in FlowKit.)awidthshow
  9666. 525 81 gm
  9667. 0.83129 0. 32 0.08312 0.(Some of these categories include function boxes, logic boxes, and input and output boxes.)awidthshow
  9668. 549 81 gm
  9669. 0.22003 0. 32 0.02200 0.(Most subclasses of FlowKitBox only have to implement a few methods, unless the operation)awidthshow
  9670. 573 81 gm
  9671. 0.25665 0. 32 0.02566 0.(of the box is very complicated.    FunctionBox is the subclass of FlowKitBox that represents)awidthshow
  9672. 597 81 gm
  9673. 1.87423 0. 32 0.18742 0.(binary functions in FlowKit.  All FunctionBoxes have two inputs and one output, and)awidthshow
  9674. 621 81 gm
  9675. -0.01431 0.(FunctionBox's single method is used to define its ports.)ashow
  9676. F T cp
  9677. %%Page: ? 61
  9678. op
  9679. 32 30 xl
  9680. 1 1 pen
  9681. 735 300 gm
  9682. (nc 32 30 762 582 6 rc)kp
  9683. 1 setTxMode
  9684. 0 fs
  9685. 12 fz
  9686. bu fc
  9687. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  9688. bn
  9689. (57)show
  9690. 105 81 gm
  9691. -0.14430 0.(FunctionBox protocol for initialization:)ashow
  9692. 142 81 gm
  9693. bu fc
  9694. 2 F /|______Courier fnt
  9695. bn
  9696. -0.21241 0.(initializePorts)ashow
  9697. 160 117 gm
  9698. -0.20651 0.(self inputs: 2 outputs: 1)ashow
  9699. 213 81 gm
  9700. bu fc
  9701. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  9702. bn
  9703. 0.92819 0. 32 0.09281 0.(Subclasses of FunctionBox include boxes to perform operations like addition, subtraction,)awidthshow
  9704. 237 81 gm
  9705. 1.72988 0. 32 0.17298 0.(multiplication, and division.  There are several different function boxes in FlowKit, so)awidthshow
  9706. 261 81 gm
  9707. 0.55541 0. 32 0.05554 0.(FunctionBox is an abstract class.  Subclasses of FunctionBox only have to reimplement the)awidthshow
  9708. 285 81 gm
  9709. 2 fs
  9710. bu fc
  9711. 2 F /|______Times-Italic fnt
  9712. bn
  9713. 0.57635 0.(initialize)ashow
  9714. 0 fs
  9715. bu fc
  9716. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  9717. bn
  9718. 2.37945 0. 32 0.23794 0.( method, which defines the formula that is used to calculate a box's value.)awidthshow
  9719. 309 81 gm
  9720. -0.11009 0.(AdditionBox is a subclass of FunctionBox, and it implements the )ashow
  9721. 2 fs
  9722. bu fc
  9723. 2 F /|______Times-Italic fnt
  9724. bn
  9725. -0.09356 0.(initialize)ashow
  9726. 0 fs
  9727. bu fc
  9728. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  9729. bn
  9730. -0.11358 0.( method to define the)ashow
  9731. 333 81 gm
  9732. -0.11743 0.(formula that an addition box uses to calculate its value.)ashow
  9733. 369 81 gm
  9734. -0.14250 0.(AdditionBox class protocol for class initialization:)ashow
  9735. 406 81 gm
  9736. bu fc
  9737. 2 F /|______Courier fnt
  9738. bn
  9739. -0.22027 0.(initialize)ashow
  9740. 424 117 gm
  9741. -0.20239 0.(formulas <- OrderedCollection with: [:a:b | a+b ])ashow
  9742. 477 81 gm
  9743. bu fc
  9744. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  9745. bn
  9746. 0.27267 0. 32 0.02726 0.(The implementation of boxes is not always this easy, but in many cases, only a few methods)awidthshow
  9747. 501 81 gm
  9748. -0.13458 0.(have to be implemented.)ashow
  9749. 537 81 gm
  9750. -0.04154 0.(Links in FlowKit are represented by the class WiringLink.  The only important protocol that is)ashow
  9751. 561 81 gm
  9752. 0.73654 0. 32 0.07365 0.(implemented in WiringLink is used for passing values between boxes.  All of the boxes in)awidthshow
  9753. 585 81 gm
  9754. -0.03901 0.(FlowKit are a subclass of BoxWithPorts, so the links in the system actually communicate with)ashow
  9755. 609 81 gm
  9756. 3.25729 0. 32 0.32572 0.(the ports on the boxes.  FlowKit has two classes of ports, FlowKitInputPort and)awidthshow
  9757. 633 81 gm
  9758. -0.06158 0.(FlowKitOutputPort, and these classes also implement passing values through the system.)ashow
  9759. F T cp
  9760. %%Page: ? 62
  9761. op
  9762. 32 30 xl
  9763. 1 1 pen
  9764. 735 300 gm
  9765. (nc 32 30 762 582 6 rc)kp
  9766. 1 setTxMode
  9767. 0 fs
  9768. 12 fz
  9769. bu fc
  9770. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  9771. bn
  9772. (58)show
  9773. 105 81 gm
  9774. -0.14631 0.(WiringLink protocol for calculations:)ashow
  9775. 142 81 gm
  9776. bu fc
  9777. 2 F /|______Courier fnt
  9778. bn
  9779. -0.21478 0.(token: aValue)ashow
  9780. 160 117 gm
  9781. -0.20167 0.(" my source has a new value, pass it to my destination box")ashow
  9782. 178 117 gm
  9783. -0.20651 0.(destination token: aValue)ashow
  9784. 231 81 gm
  9785. bu fc
  9786. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  9787. bn
  9788. -0.09382 0.(FlowKitInputPort protocol for calculations:)ashow
  9789. 268 81 gm
  9790. bu fc
  9791. 2 F /|______Courier fnt
  9792. bn
  9793. -0.24781 0.(value)ashow
  9794. 286 117 gm
  9795. -0.23789 0.(^value)ashow
  9796. 322 81 gm
  9797. -0.21478 0.(token: aValue)ashow
  9798. 340 117 gm
  9799. -0.21147 0.(value <- aValue.)ashow
  9800. 358 117 gm
  9801. -0.22303 0.(box token)ashow
  9802. 411 81 gm
  9803. bu fc
  9804. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  9805. bn
  9806. -0.11492 0.(FlowKitOutputPort protocol for calculations:)ashow
  9807. 448 81 gm
  9808. bu fc
  9809. 2 F /|______Courier fnt
  9810. bn
  9811. -0.21478 0.(token: aValue)ashow
  9812. 466 117 gm
  9813. -0.22027 0.(link isNil)ashow
  9814. 484 153 gm
  9815. -0.20588 0.(ifFalse: [\(1 to: link size\))ashow
  9816. 502 225 gm
  9817. -0.20361 0.(do: [:i | \(link at: i\) token: aValue]])ashow
  9818. 555 81 gm
  9819. bu fc
  9820. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  9821. bn
  9822. 0.11871 0. 32 0.01187 0.(FlowKitManager is the subclass of FoibleManager that is used in FlowKit.  FlowKitManager)awidthshow
  9823. 579 81 gm
  9824. 1.31668 0. 32 0.13166 0.(has protocol for informing a box when it has received new input.  Because FlowKit has)awidthshow
  9825. 603 81 gm
  9826. -0.01315 0.(multiple views, it was necessary for FlowKitManager to implement protocol for adding a new)ashow
  9827. 627 81 gm
  9828. 0.41778 0. 32 0.04177 0.(box to a canvas.  FlowKitManager also implements protocol to execute a program, which is)awidthshow
  9829. 651 81 gm
  9830. 0.59112 0. 32 0.05911 0.(needed by the top level manger of each canvas.  To execute a program, each input box and)awidthshow
  9831. 675 81 gm
  9832. -0.02500 0.(control box is sent the )ashow
  9833. 2 fs
  9834. bu fc
  9835. 2 F /|______Times-Italic fnt
  9836. bn
  9837. -0.02862 0.(token)ashow
  9838. 0 fs
  9839. bu fc
  9840. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  9841. bn
  9842. -0.02682 0.( message, and the )ashow
  9843. 2 fs
  9844. bu fc
  9845. 2 F /|______Times-Italic fnt
  9846. bn
  9847. -0.02862 0.(token)ashow
  9848. 0 fs
  9849. bu fc
  9850. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  9851. bn
  9852. -0.02807 0.( messages are then propagated through the)ashow
  9853. 699 81 gm
  9854. -0.01679 0.(rest of the system.)ashow
  9855. F T cp
  9856. %%Page: ? 63
  9857. op
  9858. 32 30 xl
  9859. 1 1 pen
  9860. 735 300 gm
  9861. (nc 32 30 762 582 6 rc)kp
  9862. 1 setTxMode
  9863. 0 fs
  9864. 12 fz
  9865. bu fc
  9866. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  9867. bn
  9868. (59)show
  9869. 93 81 gm
  9870. -0.11839 0.(FlowKitManager protocol for executing a program:)ashow
  9871. 130 81 gm
  9872. bu fc
  9873. 2 F /|______Courier fnt
  9874. bn
  9875. -0.22303 0.(calculate)ashow
  9876. 148 117 gm
  9877. -0.20286 0.(boxes do: [:each | \(each isKindOf: InputBox\))ashow
  9878. 166 189 gm
  9879. -0.20770 0.(ifTrue: [each token]].)ashow
  9880. 184 117 gm
  9881. -0.20266 0.(boxes do: [:each | \(each isKindOf: ControlBox\))ashow
  9882. 202 189 gm
  9883. -0.20770 0.(ifTrue: [each token]].)ashow
  9884. 255 81 gm
  9885. bu fc
  9886. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  9887. bn
  9888. -0.01666 0.(FlowKitTool is the abstract class for all tools in FlowKit.  FlowKitTool overrides methods for)ashow
  9889. 279 81 gm
  9890. 2.33963 0. 32 0.23396 0.(adding new boxes, so that a related box can be added in the opposite canvas, when)awidthshow
  9891. 303 81 gm
  9892. 0.11062 0. 32 0.01106 0.(appropriate.  Applications that only have one canvas will not have to deal this.  Subclasses of)awidthshow
  9893. 327 81 gm
  9894. 1.15524 0. 32 0.11552 0.(FlowKitTool are the Tools that are available from the palette.  Most of the subclasses of)awidthshow
  9895. 351 81 gm
  9896. 2.42614 0. 32 0.24261 0.(FlowKitTool implement very few methods.  The menu of available choices must be)awidthshow
  9897. 375 81 gm
  9898. -0.13714 0.(implemented by each Tool.)ashow
  9899. 411 81 gm
  9900. 0.19866 0. 32 0.01986 0.(FunctionTool is the subclass of Tool that adds function boxes to a FlowKit canvas, and there)awidthshow
  9901. 435 81 gm
  9902. 0.61889 0. 32 0.06188 0.(are seven different types of function boxes that can be created with the FunctionTool.  The)awidthshow
  9903. 459 81 gm
  9904. 2 fs
  9905. bu fc
  9906. 2 F /|______Times-Italic fnt
  9907. bn
  9908. 0.07617 0.(installMenu)ashow
  9909. 0 fs
  9910. bu fc
  9911. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  9912. bn
  9913. 0.27008 0. 32 0.02700 0.( method defines the list of menu choices and their corresponding message that is)awidthshow
  9914. 483 81 gm
  9915. -0.09460 0.(sent to FunctionTool when a selection is made from the menu.)ashow
  9916. 519 81 gm
  9917. -0.04066 0.(Implementing the )ashow
  9918. 2 fs
  9919. bu fc
  9920. 2 F /|______Times-Italic fnt
  9921. bn
  9922. -0.04095 0.(installMenu)ashow
  9923. 0 fs
  9924. bu fc
  9925. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  9926. bn
  9927. -0.03907 0.( method is similar to plugging views together in MVC.  There is)ashow
  9928. 543 81 gm
  9929. 0.29129 0. 32 0.02912 0.(nothing complicated about implementing these methods; it is just a matter of defining things)awidthshow
  9930. 567 81 gm
  9931. -0.07032 0.(correctly.)ashow
  9932. F T cp
  9933. %%Page: ? 64
  9934. op
  9935. 32 30 xl
  9936. 1 1 pen
  9937. 735 300 gm
  9938. (nc 32 30 762 582 6 rc)kp
  9939. 1 setTxMode
  9940. 0 fs
  9941. 12 fz
  9942. bu fc
  9943. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  9944. bn
  9945. (60)show
  9946. 105 81 gm
  9947. -0.09422 0.(FunctionTool methods for menu setup:)ashow
  9948. 142 81 gm
  9949. bu fc
  9950. 2 F /|______Courier fnt
  9951. bn
  9952. -0.21807 0.(installMenu)ashow
  9953. 160 117 gm
  9954. -0.22027 0.(controller)ashow
  9955. 178 135 gm
  9956. -0.21064 0.(yellowButtonMenu:)ashow
  9957. 196 153 gm
  9958. -0.20991 0.(\(PopUpMenu labels:)ashow
  9959. 214 189 gm
  9960. -0.22303 0.('addition)ashow
  9961. 232 189 gm
  9962. -0.21350 0.(multiplication)ashow
  9963. 250 189 gm
  9964. -0.21807 0.(subtraction)ashow
  9965. 268 189 gm
  9966. -0.21147 0.(integer division)ashow
  9967. 286 189 gm
  9968. -0.21478 0.(real division)ashow
  9969. 304 189 gm
  9970. -0.23129 0.(minimum)ashow
  9971. 322 189 gm
  9972. -0.22303 0.(maximum'\))ashow
  9973. 340 135 gm
  9974. -0.20816 0.(yellowButtonMessages:)ashow
  9975. 358 153 gm
  9976. -0.20266 0.(#\(additionBox multiplicationBox subtractionBox)ashow
  9977. 376 153 gm
  9978. -0.20222 0.(  integerDivisionBox realDivisionBox minBox maxBox\))ashow
  9979. 429 81 gm
  9980. bu fc
  9981. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  9982. bn
  9983. 0.41137 0. 32 0.04113 0.(The message that is sent when a menu selection is made must also be implemented for each)awidthshow
  9984. 453 81 gm
  9985. 0.07492 0. 32 0.00749 0.(menu choice.  Messages that create a new box of a particular class are implemented using the)awidthshow
  9986. 477 81 gm
  9987. 2 fs
  9988. bu fc
  9989. 2 F /|______Times-Italic fnt
  9990. bn
  9991. 0.27066 0.(add:)ashow
  9992. 0 fs
  9993. bu fc
  9994. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  9995. bn
  9996. 0.91461 0. 32 0.09146 0.( message, which is implemented in FlowKitBox.  For example, when a user wants to)awidthshow
  9997. 501 81 gm
  9998. 0.11077 0. 32 0.01107 0.(create a new addition box, "addition" is selected from the menu, and the FunctionTool is sent)awidthshow
  9999. 525 81 gm
  10000. -0.05174 0.(the )ashow
  10001. 2 fs
  10002. bu fc
  10003. 2 F /|______Times-Italic fnt
  10004. bn
  10005. -0.06248 0.(additionBox)ashow
  10006. 0 fs
  10007. bu fc
  10008. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  10009. bn
  10010. -0.05870 0.( message, which is defined as:)ashow
  10011. 562 81 gm
  10012. bu fc
  10013. 2 F /|______Courier fnt
  10014. bn
  10015. -0.21807 0.(additionBox)ashow
  10016. 580 117 gm
  10017. -0.20816 0.(self add: AdditionBox)ashow
  10018. 633 81 gm
  10019. bu fc
  10020. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  10021. bn
  10022. 1.24832 0. 32 0.12483 0.(The Tools in any FOIBLE application must implement the menu choices and the related)awidthshow
  10023. 657 81 gm
  10024. (message to send.)show
  10025. F T cp
  10026. %%Page: ? 65
  10027. op
  10028. 32 30 xl
  10029. 1 1 pen
  10030. 735 300 gm
  10031. (nc 32 30 762 582 6 rc)kp
  10032. 1 setTxMode
  10033. 0 fs
  10034. 12 fz
  10035. bu fc
  10036. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  10037. bn
  10038. (61)show
  10039. 93 81 gm
  10040. 0.76736 0. 32 0.07673 0.(FlowKitView is the subclass of ToolBenchView that implements the creation of FlowKit's)awidthshow
  10041. 117 81 gm
  10042. 2.31643 0. 32 0.23164 0.(window and canvases.  FlowKitView also installs the tools into the canvases, in the)awidthshow
  10043. 141 81 gm
  10044. 2 fs
  10045. bu fc
  10046. 2 F /|______Times-Italic fnt
  10047. bn
  10048. -0.10189 0.(installCanvasTools)ashow
  10049. 0 fs
  10050. bu fc
  10051. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  10052. bn
  10053. -0.11872 0.( method.)ashow
  10054. 177 81 gm
  10055. 0.27847 0. 32 0.02784 0.(FlowKitView has to install Tools in each of its canvases; the NullTool is used when a "tool")awidthshow
  10056. 201 81 gm
  10057. 2.09991 0. 32 0.20999 0.(does not have any functionality in a certain canvas.  The )awidthshow
  10058. 2 fs
  10059. bu fc
  10060. 2 F /|______Times-Italic fnt
  10061. bn
  10062. 0.60260 0.(tools)ashow
  10063. 0 fs
  10064. bu fc
  10065. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  10066. bn
  10067. 2.23190 0. 32 0.22319 0.( method also must be)awidthshow
  10068. 225 81 gm
  10069. 1.22955 0. 32 0.12295 0.(implemented to initialize the icons for the palette.  Each application must implement the)awidthshow
  10070. 249 81 gm
  10071. 2 fs
  10072. bu fc
  10073. 2 F /|______Times-Italic fnt
  10074. bn
  10075. 0.08625 0.(installCanvasTools)ashow
  10076. 0 fs
  10077. bu fc
  10078. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  10079. bn
  10080. 0.15625 0. 32 0.01562 0.( and )awidthshow
  10081. 2 fs
  10082. bu fc
  10083. 2 F /|______Times-Italic fnt
  10084. bn
  10085. 0.07818 0.(tools)ashow
  10086. 0 fs
  10087. bu fc
  10088. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  10089. bn
  10090. 0.24902 0. 32 0.02490 0.(  methods to define the tools in the system and the icons for the)awidthshow
  10091. 273 81 gm
  10092. -0.14007 0.(palette.)ashow
  10093. 309 81 gm
  10094. -0.10334 0.(FlowKitView class protocol for private:)ashow
  10095. 346 81 gm
  10096. bu fc
  10097. 2 F /|______Courier fnt
  10098. bn
  10099. -0.20991 0.(installCanvasTools)ashow
  10100. 364 99 gm
  10101. -0.20533 0.(\(self canvas at: 1\) addTools:)ashow
  10102. 382 117 gm
  10103. -0.20770 0.(\(OrderedCollection new)ashow
  10104. 400 153 gm
  10105. -0.20726 0.(add: OperatingTool new;)ashow
  10106. 400 333 gm
  10107. -0.20726 0.(add: PlacementTool new;)ashow
  10108. 418 153 gm
  10109. -0.20927 0.(add: LabelTool new;)ashow
  10110. 418 333 gm
  10111. -0.20991 0.(add: NullTool new;)ashow
  10112. 436 153 gm
  10113. -0.20991 0.(add: NullTool new;)ashow
  10114. 436 333 gm
  10115. -0.20991 0.(add: NullTool new;)ashow
  10116. 454 153 gm
  10117. -0.20991 0.(add: NullTool new;)ashow
  10118. 454 333 gm
  10119. -0.20927 0.(add: InputTool new;)ashow
  10120. 472 153 gm
  10121. -0.20869 0.(add: OutputTool new;)ashow
  10122. 472 333 gm
  10123. -0.20991 0.(add: NullTool new;)ashow
  10124. 490 153 gm
  10125. -0.22027 0.(yourself\).)ashow
  10126. 520 99 gm
  10127. -0.20533 0.(\(self canvas at: 1\) addTools:)ashow
  10128. 538 117 gm
  10129. -0.20770 0.(\(OrderedCollection new)ashow
  10130. 556 153 gm
  10131. -0.20726 0.(add: OperatingTool new;)ashow
  10132. 556 333 gm
  10133. -0.20726 0.(add: PlacementTool new;)ashow
  10134. 574 153 gm
  10135. -0.20927 0.(add: LabelTool new;)ashow
  10136. 574 333 gm
  10137. -0.20869 0.(add: WiringTool new;)ashow
  10138. 592 153 gm
  10139. -0.20770 0.(add: FunctionTool new;)ashow
  10140. 592 333 gm
  10141. -0.20687 0.(add: ComparisonTool new;)ashow
  10142. 610 153 gm
  10143. -0.20816 0.(add: BooleanTool new;)ashow
  10144. 610 333 gm
  10145. -0.20991 0.(add: NullTool new;)ashow
  10146. 628 153 gm
  10147. -0.20991 0.(add: NullTool new;)ashow
  10148. 628 333 gm
  10149. -0.20816 0.(add: ControlTool new;)ashow
  10150. 646 153 gm
  10151. -0.22027 0.(yourself\).)ashow
  10152. F T cp
  10153. %%Page: ? 66
  10154. op
  10155. 32 30 xl
  10156. 1 1 pen
  10157. 735 300 gm
  10158. (nc 32 30 762 582 6 rc)kp
  10159. 1 setTxMode
  10160. 0 fs
  10161. 12 fz
  10162. bu fc
  10163. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  10164. bn
  10165. (62)show
  10166. 105 81 gm
  10167. -0.10334 0.(FlowKitView class protocol for private:)ashow
  10168. 142 81 gm
  10169. bu fc
  10170. 2 F /|______Courier fnt
  10171. bn
  10172. -0.24781 0.(tools)ashow
  10173. 160 99 gm
  10174. -0.20726 0.(^\(OrderedCollection new)ashow
  10175. 178 117 gm
  10176. -0.20687 0.(add: OperatingTool icon;)ashow
  10177. 196 117 gm
  10178. -0.20687 0.(add: PlacementTool icon;)ashow
  10179. 214 117 gm
  10180. -0.20869 0.(add: LabelTool icon;)ashow
  10181. 232 117 gm
  10182. -0.20816 0.(add: WiringTool icon;)ashow
  10183. 250 117 gm
  10184. -0.20726 0.(add: FunctionTool icon;)ashow
  10185. 268 117 gm
  10186. -0.20651 0.(add: ComparisonTool icon;)ashow
  10187. 286 117 gm
  10188. -0.20770 0.(add: BooleanTool icon;)ashow
  10189. 304 117 gm
  10190. -0.20869 0.(add: InputTool icon;)ashow
  10191. 322 117 gm
  10192. -0.20816 0.(add: OutputTool icon;)ashow
  10193. 340 117 gm
  10194. -0.20770 0.(add: ControlTool icon;)ashow
  10195. 358 117 gm
  10196. -0.22303 0.(yourself\))ashow
  10197. 411 81 gm
  10198. bu fc
  10199. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  10200. bn
  10201. -0.10261 0.(Finally, FlowKitView has a class method that initializes the application and opens a window on)ashow
  10202. 435 81 gm
  10203. -0.08662 0.(a newly created program or a program that has been saved.)ashow
  10204. 471 81 gm
  10205. -0.11598 0.(FlowKitView class protocol for instance creation:)ashow
  10206. 508 81 gm
  10207. bu fc
  10208. 2 F /|______Courier fnt
  10209. bn
  10210. -0.26434 0.(open)ashow
  10211. 526 117 gm
  10212. -0.20588 0.(self openOn: \(FoibleProgram)ashow
  10213. 544 225 gm
  10214. -0.20687 0.(with: FlowKitManager new)ashow
  10215. 562 225 gm
  10216. -0.20651 0.(with: FlowKitManager new\))ashow
  10217. F T cp
  10218. %%Page: ? 67
  10219. op
  10220. 32 30 xl
  10221. 1 1 pen
  10222. 735 300 gm
  10223. (nc 32 30 762 582 6 rc)kp
  10224. 1 setTxMode
  10225. 0 fs
  10226. 12 fz
  10227. bu fc
  10228. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  10229. bn
  10230. (63)show
  10231. 104 211 gm
  10232. 1 fs
  10233. 14 fz
  10234. bu fc
  10235. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  10236. bn
  10237. 3.28475 0. 32 0.32847 0.(Chapter 7.)awidthshow
  10238. 104 319 gm
  10239. 0.86625 0.(Conclusions)ashow
  10240. 141 81 gm
  10241. 12 fz
  10242. bu fc
  10243. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  10244. bn
  10245. 1.99996 0.(7.1.)ashow
  10246. 141 117 gm
  10247. 3.05862 0. 32 0.30586 0.(Implementation Limitations)awidthshow
  10248. 177 81 gm
  10249. 0 fs
  10250. bu fc
  10251. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  10252. bn
  10253. -0.07714 0.(Multiple inheritance is a special facility available in some object-oriented systems that allows a)ashow
  10254. 201 81 gm
  10255. 0.36331 0. 32 0.03633 0.(class to have more than one class as its immediate super-class, thus allowing a hybrid of the)awidthshow
  10256. 225 81 gm
  10257. 0.23895 0. 32 0.02389 0.(classes.  The new class inherits the methods and instance variables of all of its super-classes.)awidthshow
  10258. 249 81 gm
  10259. 0.25787 0. 32 0.02578 0.(When more than one super-class implements a method, then some type of precedence rule is)awidthshow
  10260. 273 81 gm
  10261. -0.07046 0.(used to determine which method is used by the class.)ashow
  10262. 309 81 gm
  10263. -0.11050 0.(Multiple inheritance is a useful way to combine the behavior of several classes.  Most Smalltalk)ashow
  10264. 333 81 gm
  10265. 0.79025 0. 32 0.07902 0.(programmers never have to use multiple inheritance.  However, there are several places in)awidthshow
  10266. 357 81 gm
  10267. 2.24105 0. 32 0.22410 0.(FOIBLE that would benefit from using multiple inheritance.  Unfortunately, multiple)awidthshow
  10268. 381 81 gm
  10269. 0.14511 0. 32 0.01451 0.(inheritance does not work in the versions of Smalltalk that we developed FOIBLE on, and so)awidthshow
  10270. 405 81 gm
  10271. -0.01309 0.(our implementation does not use it.  We were able to design around it, but the implementation)ashow
  10272. 429 81 gm
  10273. -0.03779 0.(would be better if it used multiple inheritance.  FoibleBox and FoibleManager are both classes)ashow
  10274. 453 81 gm
  10275. -0.11943 0.(that would benefit from the use of multiple inheritance.)ashow
  10276. 489 81 gm
  10277. 1.01730 0. 32 0.10173 0.(In FoibleBox, complex box should really be an attribute that can be added to any type of)awidthshow
  10278. 513 81 gm
  10279. -0.04658 0.(FoibleBox.  Adding the complex box attribute would require adding the manager variable, and)ashow
  10280. 537 81 gm
  10281. -0.00962 0.(adding the methods that send messages to the manager.  This is one situation where we would)ashow
  10282. 561 81 gm
  10283. -0.13801 0.(have used multiple inheritance if it was available.)ashow
  10284. 597 81 gm
  10285. 0.48599 0. 32 0.04859 0.(One possible way of implementing complex boxes is to subclass each of BoxWithPorts and)awidthshow
  10286. 621 81 gm
  10287. 0.62606 0. 32 0.06260 0.(BoxWithDirectLinks and add the complex box methods to the subclass.  This would create)awidthshow
  10288. 645 81 gm
  10289. 3.58581 0. 32 0.35858 0.(four box classes: BoxWithPorts, ComplexBoxWithPorts, BoxWithDirectLinks, and)awidthshow
  10290. 669 81 gm
  10291. 1.00662 0. 32 0.10066 0.(ComplexBoxWithDirectLinks.  The problem with this design is that code may have to be)awidthshow
  10292. 693 81 gm
  10293. -0.09806 0.(duplicated.)ashow
  10294. F T cp
  10295. %%Page: ? 68
  10296. op
  10297. 32 30 xl
  10298. 1 1 pen
  10299. 735 300 gm
  10300. (nc 32 30 762 582 6 rc)kp
  10301. 1 setTxMode
  10302. 0 fs
  10303. 12 fz
  10304. bu fc
  10305. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  10306. bn
  10307. (64)show
  10308. 93 81 gm
  10309. -0.07839 0.(There are certain methods that are used to define the behavior of boxes in each application, and)ashow
  10310. 117 81 gm
  10311. -0.01945 0.(the implementation of these methods is shared by all types of boxes in an application.  If there)ashow
  10312. 141 81 gm
  10313. 0.08712 0. 32 0.00871 0.(is more than one type of box in an application then the code that is shared by all boxes would)awidthshow
  10314. 165 81 gm
  10315. 0.07461 0. 32 0.00746 0.(have to be copied to each subclass of box that is used in the application.  This would not only)awidthshow
  10316. 189 81 gm
  10317. -0.10800 0.(be very inefficient, but it would also be difficult to maintain and update code.)ashow
  10318. 225 81 gm
  10319. -0.05911 0.(With multiple inheritance, all that would be required to create a complex box would be to have)ashow
  10320. 249 81 gm
  10321. -0.00231 0.(ComplexBox and either BoxWithPorts or BoxWithDirectLinks as the superclasses of the new)ashow
  10322. 273 81 gm
  10323. -0.05169 0.(box, with the ComplexBox methods taking precedence.  Code would not have to be duplicated)ashow
  10324. 297 81 gm
  10325. 1.11282 0. 32 0.11128 0.(in subclasses, since different types of boxes would be defined by combining classes with)awidthshow
  10326. 321 81 gm
  10327. 2.35366 0. 32 0.23536 0.(multiple inheritance instead of simple subclassing.  Since we could not use multiple)awidthshow
  10328. 345 81 gm
  10329. 0.58273 0. 32 0.05827 0.(inheritance, all FoibleBoxes have the complex box protocol and an instance variable that is)awidthshow
  10330. 369 81 gm
  10331. -0.08795 0.(used to store the companion manager of a complex box.)ashow
  10332. 405 81 gm
  10333. -0.04103 0.(For similar reasons, there really should be two classes of FoibleManagers representing the two)ashow
  10334. 429 81 gm
  10335. -0.06147 0.(possible uses.  The current implementation of FoibleManager contains some methods that only)ashow
  10336. 453 81 gm
  10337. -0.01531 0.(one type of manager needs.  There are already different initialize methods for the two types of)ashow
  10338. 477 81 gm
  10339. 0.61401 0. 32 0.06140 0.(managers.  The )awidthshow
  10340. 2 fs
  10341. bu fc
  10342. 2 F /|______Times-Italic fnt
  10343. bn
  10344. 0.23541 0.(myBox)ashow
  10345. 0 fs
  10346. bu fc
  10347. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  10348. bn
  10349. 0.72357 0. 32 0.07235 0.( method returns a manager's companion box, and only complex box)awidthshow
  10350. 501 81 gm
  10351. -0.05757 0.(managers need this method.  The )ashow
  10352. 2 fs
  10353. bu fc
  10354. 2 F /|______Times-Italic fnt
  10355. bn
  10356. -0.06838 0.(program)ashow
  10357. 0 fs
  10358. bu fc
  10359. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  10360. bn
  10361. -0.05851 0.( method returns the FoibleProgram that manages the)ashow
  10362. 525 81 gm
  10363. -0.10034 0.(entire application, and this method is only needed by top level managers.)ashow
  10364. 561 81 gm
  10365. 3.29132 0. 32 0.32913 0.(The best design for the FOIBLE framework would be to have two subclasses of)awidthshow
  10366. 585 81 gm
  10367. 0.29663 0. 32 0.02966 0.(FoibleManagers, Canvas and ComplexBoxManager.  FoibleManager should implement only)awidthshow
  10368. 609 81 gm
  10369. -0.06707 0.(those methods that are needed by all managers.  The classes Canvas and ComplexBoxManager)ashow
  10370. 633 81 gm
  10371. 0.28533 0. 32 0.02853 0.(could then implement the protocol needed for the specific types of managers.  To have these)awidthshow
  10372. 657 81 gm
  10373. 0.03768 0. 32 0.00376 0.(managers as separate classes in the current version of FOIBLE would force the duplication of)awidthshow
  10374. 681 81 gm
  10375. -0.04824 0.(code for the same reasons as described for FoibleBoxes.  Multiple inheritance could be used to)ashow
  10376. F T cp
  10377. %%Page: ? 69
  10378. op
  10379. 32 30 xl
  10380. 1 1 pen
  10381. 735 300 gm
  10382. (nc 32 30 762 582 6 rc)kp
  10383. 1 setTxMode
  10384. 0 fs
  10385. 12 fz
  10386. bu fc
  10387. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  10388. bn
  10389. (65)show
  10390. 93 81 gm
  10391. 0.91354 0. 32 0.09135 0.(allow for the creation of various types of managers, without the duplication of code.  The)awidthshow
  10392. 117 81 gm
  10393. -0.01322 0.(implementation of FOIBLE would be improved if multiple inheritance was available, and it is)ashow
  10394. 141 81 gm
  10395. -0.13783 0.(hoped that FOIBLE will be implemented on a system that has multiple inheritance.)ashow
  10396. 201 81 gm
  10397. 1 fs
  10398. bu fc
  10399. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  10400. bn
  10401. 1.99996 0.(7.2.)ashow
  10402. 201 117 gm
  10403. 2.63000 0. 32 0.26300 0.(Future Enhancements)awidthshow
  10404. 237 81 gm
  10405. 0 fs
  10406. bu fc
  10407. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  10408. bn
  10409. 0.87585 0. 32 0.08758 0.(One possible enhancement to FOIBLE would be to implement the display methods better.)awidthshow
  10410. 261 81 gm
  10411. 0.29617 0. 32 0.02961 0.(Currently, when an operation that causes a redisplay is performed, the FoibleManager has to)awidthshow
  10412. 285 81 gm
  10413. -0.04878 0.(keep track of a rectangular region that will be redisplayed on the screen.  This, in turn, forces a)ashow
  10414. 309 81 gm
  10415. 0.37597 0. 32 0.03759 0.(number of methods to keep track of the region of the screen that is altered by the operations)awidthshow
  10416. 333 81 gm
  10417. 0.45974 0. 32 0.04597 0.(performed.  These altered areas are merged together to give FoibleManager the total area to)awidthshow
  10418. 357 81 gm
  10419. 0.24688 0. 32 0.02468 0.(redisplay, and there are many times when these rectangles have to be checked if they are nil,)awidthshow
  10420. 381 81 gm
  10421. 2.09487 0. 32 0.20948 0.(because the )awidthshow
  10422. 2 fs
  10423. bu fc
  10424. 2 F /|______Times-Italic fnt
  10425. bn
  10426. 0.64743 0.(merge:)ashow
  10427. 0 fs
  10428. bu fc
  10429. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  10430. bn
  10431. 1.83425 0. 32 0.18342 0.( method fails if the argument is nil.  HotDraw uses a much better)awidthshow
  10432. 405 81 gm
  10433. 0.70114 0. 32 0.07011 0.(implementation for redisplaying the screen.  The altered region of the screen is stored, and)awidthshow
  10434. 429 81 gm
  10435. 0.66619 0. 32 0.06661 0.(whenever an operation changes an area on the screen, the operation calls the method )awidthshow
  10436. 2 fs
  10437. bu fc
  10438. 2 F /|______Times-Italic fnt
  10439. bn
  10440. 0.19007 0.(taint:)ashow
  10441. 453 81 gm
  10442. 0 fs
  10443. bu fc
  10444. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  10445. bn
  10446. 0.60317 0. 32 0.06031 0.(which handles merging the altered screen regions.  Whenever the screen is redisplayed, the)awidthshow
  10447. 477 81 gm
  10448. -0.08306 0.(stored area is accessed and then set to nil.)ashow
  10449. 513 81 gm
  10450. 0.13031 0. 32 0.01303 0.(Complex boxes may take up a large area on the screen.  Since the screen area is very limited,)awidthshow
  10451. 537 81 gm
  10452. -0.05648 0.(another enhancement to FOIBLE would be to allow complex boxes to be condensed down to a)ashow
  10453. 561 81 gm
  10454. 0.10284 0. 32 0.01028 0.(single icon on the screen.  This has been implemented in several FOIBLE applications, and it)awidthshow
  10455. 585 81 gm
  10456. -0.08076 0.(would be useful if each developer did not have to implement it.  The user could expand the box)ashow
  10457. 609 81 gm
  10458. 1.79260 0. 32 0.17926 0.(for editing purposes, and condense the box when viewing the contents of the box was)awidthshow
  10459. 633 81 gm
  10460. 2.07855 0. 32 0.20785 0.(unnecessary.  This would create more available space on the screen, which would be)awidthshow
  10461. 657 81 gm
  10462. -0.02885 0.(beneficial, since screen space is very valuable.  Limited screen area is one disadvantage that is)ashow
  10463. F T cp
  10464. %%Page: ? 70
  10465. op
  10466. 32 30 xl
  10467. 1 1 pen
  10468. 735 300 gm
  10469. (nc 32 30 762 582 6 rc)kp
  10470. 1 setTxMode
  10471. 0 fs
  10472. 12 fz
  10473. bu fc
  10474. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  10475. bn
  10476. (66)show
  10477. 93 81 gm
  10478. -0.08406 0.(difficult to overcome in visual programming, and anything that creates more available space on)ashow
  10479. 117 81 gm
  10480. -0.06132 0.(the screen is helpful.)ashow
  10481. 153 81 gm
  10482. -0.00239 0.(Simplifying the design of new boxes is another possible enhancement to FOIBLE.  Currently,)ashow
  10483. 177 81 gm
  10484. 0.07873 0. 32 0.00787 0.(a user must read and understand a fair amount of code before creating a new type of box.  An)awidthshow
  10485. 201 81 gm
  10486. 1.12030 0. 32 0.11203 0.(editor similar to IconManager could be created to allow a graphical user interface to box)awidthshow
  10487. 225 81 gm
  10488. 0.13671 0. 32 0.01367 0.(creating and editing.  The interface would have to display more information, for instance, the)awidthshow
  10489. 249 81 gm
  10490. 0.00442 0. 32 0.00044 0.(operation the box will perform, its number of inputs and outputs, and the icon for the box, but)awidthshow
  10491. 273 81 gm
  10492. 1.25396 0. 32 0.12539 0.(this type of editing would certainly be much easier than forcing a developer to learn the)awidthshow
  10493. 297 81 gm
  10494. -0.05850 0.(FOIBLE code.)ashow
  10495. 357 81 gm
  10496. 1 fs
  10497. bu fc
  10498. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  10499. bn
  10500. 1.99996 0.(7.3.)ashow
  10501. 357 117 gm
  10502. 2.43804 0. 32 0.24380 0.(The Framework)awidthshow
  10503. 393 81 gm
  10504. 0 fs
  10505. bu fc
  10506. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  10507. bn
  10508. 1.25457 0. 32 0.12545 0.(The redesign of FOIBLE has been very successful.  The original framework was a good)awidthshow
  10509. 417 81 gm
  10510. 0.20614 0. 32 0.02061 0.(design and, now that FOIBLE has gone through several iterations of rewrites, the framework)awidthshow
  10511. 441 81 gm
  10512. -0.07040 0.(is even better.  The current version of FOIBLE is an improvement to what was already a useful)ashow
  10513. 465 81 gm
  10514. 0.33599 0. 32 0.03359 0.(framework.  A number of different system have been developed with FOIBLE, and we have)awidthshow
  10515. 489 81 gm
  10516. -0.12068 0.(received valuable comments from the developers.)ashow
  10517. 525 81 gm
  10518. -0.12210 0.(The ideas for enhancements to FOIBLE that are discussed in the previous section reveal that the)ashow
  10519. 549 81 gm
  10520. -0.10580 0.(framework can still be improved.  Although we have implemented many of the suggestions that)ashow
  10521. 573 81 gm
  10522. -0.07270 0.(we have received, there is always room for improvement, and as more people use FOIBLE, the)ashow
  10523. 597 81 gm
  10524. 0.88226 0. 32 0.08822 0.(need to redesign will probably arise again.  However, there is no question that the current)awidthshow
  10525. 621 81 gm
  10526. -0.06835 0.(version of FOIBLE is a useful and flexible framework.)ashow
  10527. F T cp
  10528. %%Page: ? 71
  10529. op
  10530. 32 30 xl
  10531. 1 1 pen
  10532. 735 300 gm
  10533. (nc 32 30 762 582 6 rc)kp
  10534. 1 setTxMode
  10535. 0 fs
  10536. 12 fz
  10537. bu fc
  10538. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  10539. bn
  10540. (67)show
  10541. 104 270 gm
  10542. 1 fs
  10543. 14 fz
  10544. bu fc
  10545. 2 F /|______Times-Bold fnt
  10546. bn
  10547. 0.74702 0.(References)ashow
  10548. 135 81 gm
  10549. 0 fs
  10550. 12 fz
  10551. bu fc
  10552. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  10553. bn
  10554. ([Borg90])show
  10555. 135 144 gm
  10556. 0.25512 0. 32 0.02551 0.(Borges, Jose A. )awidthshow
  10557. 2 fs
  10558. bu fc
  10559. 2 F /|______Times-Italic fnt
  10560. bn
  10561. 0.48294 0. 32 0.04829 0.(Multiparadigm Visual Programming Languages.)awidthshow
  10562. 0 fs
  10563. bu fc
  10564. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  10565. bn
  10566. 0.23574 0. 32 0.02357 0.(  PhD. Thesis,)awidthshow
  10567. 153 144 gm
  10568. 0.66299 0. 32 0.06629 0.(University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Computer Science)awidthshow
  10569. 171 144 gm
  10570. 0.16896 0.(\(1990\).)ashow
  10571. 201 81 gm
  10572. -0.13853 0.([Eric87])ashow
  10573. 201 144 gm
  10574. 0.19729 0. 32 0.01972 0.(Ericson, Stuart D. )awidthshow
  10575. 2 fs
  10576. bu fc
  10577. 2 F /|______Times-Italic fnt
  10578. bn
  10579. 0.27999 0. 32 0.02799 0.(FOIBLE: A Framework For Object-Oriented Interactive Box)awidthshow
  10580. 219 144 gm
  10581. 3.85391 0. 32 0.38539 0.(and Line Environments.)awidthshow
  10582. 0 fs
  10583. bu fc
  10584. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  10585. bn
  10586. 2.48596 0. 32 0.24859 0.(  M.S. Thesis, University of Illinois at Urbana-)awidthshow
  10587. 237 144 gm
  10588. -0.08834 0.(Champaign, Department of Computer Science \(1987\).)ashow
  10589. 267 81 gm
  10590. ([Gold87])show
  10591. 267 144 gm
  10592. 1.80557 0. 32 0.18055 0.(Goldberg, Adele, and Robson, David. )awidthshow
  10593. 2 fs
  10594. bu fc
  10595. 2 F /|______Times-Italic fnt
  10596. bn
  10597. 1.99264 0. 32 0.19926 0.(Smalltalk-80: The Language and its)awidthshow
  10598. 285 144 gm
  10599. -0.03623 0.(Implementation.)ashow
  10600. 0 fs
  10601. bu fc
  10602. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  10603. bn
  10604. -0.03666 0.( Addison-Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts \(1987\).)ashow
  10605. 315 81 gm
  10606. 0.04956 0.([John88])ashow
  10607. 315 144 gm
  10608. 0.36575 0. 32 0.03657 0.(Johnson, Ralph E., and Foote, Brian. "Designing Reusable Classes." )awidthshow
  10609. 2 fs
  10610. bu fc
  10611. 2 F /|______Times-Italic fnt
  10612. bn
  10613. 0.45379 0. 32 0.04537 0.(Journal of)awidthshow
  10614. 333 144 gm
  10615. -0.04083 0.(Object-Oriented Programming)ashow
  10616. 0 fs
  10617. bu fc
  10618. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  10619. bn
  10620. -0.03614 0.(, \(June/July 1988\), pp. 22-30,35.)ashow
  10621. 363 81 gm
  10622. 0.05204 0.([Kras88])ashow
  10623. 363 144 gm
  10624. 0.39077 0. 32 0.03907 0.(Krasner, Glenn E. and Pope, Steven T. )awidthshow
  10625. 2 fs
  10626. bu fc
  10627. 2 F /|______Times-Italic fnt
  10628. bn
  10629. 0.49835 0. 32 0.04983 0.(A CookBook for using the Model-View-)awidthshow
  10630. 381 144 gm
  10631. 0.64895 0. 32 0.06489 0.(Controller User Interface Paradigm in Smalltalk-80)awidthshow
  10632. 0 fs
  10633. bu fc
  10634. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  10635. bn
  10636. 0.60485 0. 32 0.06048 0.(. ParcPlace Systems, 2400)awidthshow
  10637. 399 144 gm
  10638. 0.06195 0. 32 0.00619 0.(Geng Road, Palt Alto, CA 94303, \(January 1988\).)awidthshow
  10639. 429 81 gm
  10640. ([Kapp89])show
  10641. 429 144 gm
  10642. 1.64352 0. 32 0.16435 0.(Gerti Kappel, Jan Vitek,Oscar Nierstrasz, Simon Gibbs, Betty Junod, Marc)awidthshow
  10643. 447 144 gm
  10644. 4.96261 0. 32 0.49626 0.(Stadelmann, Dennis Tsichritzis. "An Object-Based Visual Scripting)awidthshow
  10645. 465 144 gm
  10646. 1.19888 0. 32 0.11988 0.(Environment," )awidthshow
  10647. 2 fs
  10648. bu fc
  10649. 2 F /|______Times-Italic fnt
  10650. bn
  10651. 1.53244 0. 32 0.15324 0.(Object-Oriented Development)awidthshow
  10652. 0 fs
  10653. bu fc
  10654. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  10655. bn
  10656. 0.83663 0. 32 0.08366 0.(, ed. Dennis Tsichritzis, pp.123-)awidthshow
  10657. 483 144 gm
  10658. (142, Centre Universitair d'Informatique, Universite de Geneve, 1989.)show
  10659. 513 81 gm
  10660. -0.04537 0.([Kimu86])ashow
  10661. 513 144 gm
  10662. 0.39291 0. 32 0.03929 0.(Kimura, Takayuki Dan, Choi, Julie W., and Mack, Jane M. )awidthshow
  10663. 2 fs
  10664. bu fc
  10665. 2 F /|______Times-Italic fnt
  10666. bn
  10667. 0.54580 0. 32 0.05458 0.(A Visual Language)awidthshow
  10668. 531 144 gm
  10669. 0.51101 0. 32 0.05110 0.(for Keyboardless Programming)awidthshow
  10670. 0 fs
  10671. bu fc
  10672. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  10673. bn
  10674. 0.39855 0. 32 0.03985 0.(. Technical Report WUCS-86-6, Department of)awidthshow
  10675. 549 144 gm
  10676. -0.01121 0.(Computer Science, Washington University, St. Louis, MO.)ashow
  10677. 579 81 gm
  10678. -0.09196 0.([Nati87])ashow
  10679. 579 144 gm
  10680. 0.00839 0. 32 0.00083 0.(National Instruments Corporation. )awidthshow
  10681. 2 fs
  10682. bu fc
  10683. 2 F /|______Times-Italic fnt
  10684. bn
  10685. (LabVIEW: A Demonstration)show
  10686. 0 fs
  10687. bu fc
  10688. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  10689. bn
  10690. (. National Instru-)show
  10691. 597 144 gm
  10692. 0.18753 0. 32 0.01875 0.(ments Corp., 12109 Technology Blvd., Austin TX 78727-6204, \(1987\).)awidthshow
  10693. 627 81 gm
  10694. -0.09176 0.([Raed85])ashow
  10695. 627 144 gm
  10696. 1.50039 0. 32 0.15003 0.(Raeder, Georg. "A Survey of Current Graphical Programming Techniques.")awidthshow
  10697. 645 144 gm
  10698. 2 fs
  10699. bu fc
  10700. 2 F /|______Times-Italic fnt
  10701. bn
  10702. 0.20996 0. 32 0.02099 0.(IEEE Computer)awidthshow
  10703. 0 fs
  10704. bu fc
  10705. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  10706. bn
  10707. 0.13153 0. 32 0.01315 0.(, 18 \(August 1985\), pp.11-25.)awidthshow
  10708. F T cp
  10709. %%Page: ? 72
  10710. op
  10711. 32 30 xl
  10712. 1 1 pen
  10713. 735 300 gm
  10714. (nc 32 30 762 582 6 rc)kp
  10715. 1 setTxMode
  10716. 0 fs
  10717. 12 fz
  10718. bu fc
  10719. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  10720. bn
  10721. (68)show
  10722. 135 81 gm
  10723. -0.09080 0.([Scae88])ashow
  10724. 135 144 gm
  10725. 3.38699 0. 32 0.33869 0.(Scaer, Bethany Rose. )awidthshow
  10726. 2 fs
  10727. bu fc
  10728. 2 F /|______Times-Italic fnt
  10729. bn
  10730. 4.07882 0. 32 0.40788 0.(FlowKit - A Graphical Dataflow Programming)awidthshow
  10731. 153 144 gm
  10732. 0.61433 0.(Environment.)ashow
  10733. 0 fs
  10734. bu fc
  10735. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  10736. bn
  10737. 2.34008 0. 32 0.23400 0.(  M.S. Thesis, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign,)awidthshow
  10738. 171 144 gm
  10739. -0.10591 0.(Department of Computer Science \(1988\).)ashow
  10740. 201 81 gm
  10741. ([Senn90])show
  10742. 201 144 gm
  10743. 2.15911 0. 32 0.21591 0.(Sennett, Michael. )awidthshow
  10744. 2 fs
  10745. bu fc
  10746. 2 F /|______Times-Italic fnt
  10747. bn
  10748. 2.05245 0. 32 0.20524 0.(Sh++: A Graphical Unix Interface for the Smalltalk-80)awidthshow
  10749. 219 144 gm
  10750. 1.76406 0. 32 0.17640 0.(Programming Environment.)awidthshow
  10751. 0 fs
  10752. bu fc
  10753. 2 F /|______Times-Roman fnt
  10754. bn
  10755. 0.80841 0. 32 0.08084 0.(  M.C.S. Thesis, University of Illinois at Urbana-)awidthshow
  10756. 237 144 gm
  10757. -0.08834 0.(Champaign, Department of Computer Science \(1990\).)ashow
  10758. F T cp
  10759. %%Trailer
  10760. cd
  10761. end
  10762. %%Pages: 72 0
  10763. %%EOF
  10764.